Development and validation of an iSpring-Based interactive learning application for football education
Keywords:
Technology-based teaching, physical education, football, iSpringAbstract
Background: Digital learning media can enhance the accessibility, interactivity, and flexibility of physical education instruction; however, evidence regarding interactive digital media specifically designed for football skill learning remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate an iSpring-based interactive learning application for football instruction in secondary physical education. Methods: A research and development design based on the ADDIE model was employed. The product was evaluated by three experts representing football content, instructional design, and educational media. Following expert validation and revision, the application was evaluated through small-group (n = 30) and large-group (n = 60) trials. Data was collected using structured evaluation questionnaires and analysed descriptively using percentage scores. Results: Expert validation indicated high feasibility across football content (93.00%), instructional design (91.64%), and media quality (94.16%), with an overall validation score of 93.00%. The small-group trial yielded an overall score of 86.77%, whereas the large-group trial yielded 86.24%. All scores were classified as highly feasible according to the predefined criteria. Conclusion: The developed iSpring-based application demonstrated strong content, instructional, and media feasibility for football learning. The application provides a validated prototype for technology-enhanced football instruction; however, its effects on students’ learning achievement, skill acquisition, engagement, and retention require evaluation through controlled empirical studies.
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Author Biographies
Siti Nurrochmah, Department of Physical, Health Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Ari Wibowo Kurniawan, Universitas Negeri Malang
Norlena Salamuddin, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Wildan Habibillah Alfani, Department of Physical, Health Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Edi Setiawan, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Cirebon, Indonesia
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Accepted 2026-08-26
Published 2026-08-31
