Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian physical education teacher job satisfaction scale (IPET-JSS): development and validation of a contextual job satisfaction instrument for physical education
Keywords:
Job satisfaction, physical education teachers, construct validity, reliability, IPET-JSSAbstract
Background: Job satisfaction among physical education (PE) teachers is a critical factor influencing instructional quality, work motivation, and long-term professional commitment. However, there is currently no comprehensive and standardized instrument specifically designed to measure the job satisfaction of PE teachers within the Indonesian context. Research Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian Physical Education Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale (IPET-JSS), an adapted and contextually modified version of Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), tailored specifically for PE teachers in Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was employed. A total of 300 PE teachers from primary, junior secondary, and senior/vocational high schools—both public and private—in Bengkulu City participated. The IPET-JSS comprises 36 items across nine dimensions (pay, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, contingent rewards, operating procedures, coworkers, nature of work, and communication), rated on a 6-point Likert scale. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability was examined via Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR). Finding/Results: All items showed factor loadings above 0.50. The Cronbach’s alpha for each dimension ranged from 0.75 to 0.86, and CR values exceeded 0.70, indicating strong internal consistency. Coworkers and Nature of Work were the highest-rated dimensions, while Pay and Operating Procedures received the lowest scores. The CFA results supported a good model fit (CFI > 0.90; RMSEA < 0.08), affirming the structural validity of the IPET-JSS. Conclusion: The IPET-JSS is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing job satisfaction among Indonesian PE teachers. It holds promise for use in both research and practice, particularly in teacher evaluation, educational policy development, and professional development planning. Future studies are recommended to explore its cross-contextual validity and associations with other psychosocial constructs.
Downloads
Author Biographies
Novri Gazali, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Feby Elra Perdima, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Dehasen, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Edi Setiawan, School of Education, UUM College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia
Joseph Lobo, College of Sports, Exercise and Recreation, Bulacan State University, Bulacan, Philippines
Merlina Sari, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
References
Akiba, M., Byun, S. Y., Jiang, X., Kim, K., & Moran, A. J. (2023). Do Teachers Feel Valued in Society? Occupational Value of the Teaching Profession in OECD Countries. AERA Open, 9(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584231179184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584231179184
Akomolafe, M. J., & Ogunmakin, A. O. (2014). Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers: Emotional Intelligence, Occupational Stress and Self-Efficacy as Predictors. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 4(3), 487–498. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n3p487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n3p487
Asrar-ul-Haq, M., Kuchinke, K. P., & Iqbal, A. (2017). The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment: Case of Pakistani Higher Education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 2352–2363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.040
Banerjee, N., Stearns, E., Moller, S., & Mickelson, R. A. (2017). Teacher Job Satisfaction and Student Achievement: The Roles of Teacher Professional Community and Teacher Collaboration in Schools. American Journal of Education, 123(2), 203–241. https://doi.org/10.1086/689932 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/689932
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014
Blömeke, S., Houang, R. T., Hsieh, F. J., & Wang, T. Y. (2017). Effects of Job Motives, Teacher Knowledge, and School Context on Beginning Teachers’ Commitment to Stay in the Profession: A Longitudinal Study in Germany, Taiwan, and the United States. In International Handbook of Teacher Quality and Policy (Issue July, pp. 374–387). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315710068-24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315710068-24
Chalghaf, N., Guelmami, N., Re, T. S., Maldonado Briegas, J. J., Garbarino, S., Azaiez, F., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2019). Trans-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the “Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale” In Arabic Language among Sports and Physical Education Teachers (“Teacher of Physical Education Job Satisfaction Inventory”—TPEJSI): Insights for Sports, Educational, and Occupational Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02234
Capone, V., & Petrillo, G. (2020). Mental Health in Teachers: Relationships with Job Satisfaction, Efficacy Beliefs, Burnout and Depression. Current Psychology, 39(5), 1757–1766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9878-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9878-7
Chalghaf, N., Chen, W., Tannoubi, A., Guelmami, N., Puce, L., Said, N. Ben, Khalifa, M. Ben, Azaiez, F., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2022). Job Disengagement among Physical Education Teachers: Insights from a Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey with Path Modeling Analysis. JMIR Formative Research, 6(12), . e29130. https://doi.org/10.2196/29130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/29130
Ghazzawi, I. (2008). Job Satisfaction Antecednets and Consequences: A New Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda. The Business Review, 11(2), 1–10.
Hariri, H., Monypenny, R., & Prideaux, M. (2012). Principalship in an Indonesian School Context: Can Principal Decision-Making Styles Significantly Predict Teacher Job Satisfaction? School Leadership and Management, 32(5), 453–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2012.723617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2012.723617
Hariri, H., Monypenny, R., & Prideaux, M. (2016). Teacher-Perceived Principal Leadership Styles, Decisionmaking Styles and Job Satisfaction: How Congruent are Data from Indonesia with the Anglophile and Western Literature? School Leadership and Management, 36(1), 41–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2016.1160210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2016.1160210
Klusmann, U., Kunter, M., Trautwein, U., Lüdtke, O., & Baumert, J. (2008). Teachers’ Occupational Well-Being and Quality of Instruction: The Important Role of Self-Regulatory Patterns. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(3), 702–715. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.702
Kunter, M. (2013). Motivation as an Aspect of Professional Competence: Research Findings an Teacher Enthusiasm. In Cognitive Activation in the Mathematics Classroom and Professional Competence of Teachers: Results from the COACTIV Project (pp. 273–289). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5149-5_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5149-5_13
Lester, P. E. (1987). Development and factor analysis of the teacher job satisfaction questionnaire (TJSQ). Educational and psychological Measurement, 47(1), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164487471031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164487471031
McCarthy, C. J., Lambert, R. G., & Reiser, J. (2014). Vocational Concerns of Elementary Teachers: Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Occupational Commitment. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(2), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00042.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00042.x
Monyamane, L., Combrinck, C., & Alet, P. M. (2025). Reliability and Validity of the Botswana Educator Job Satisfaction Survey (BEJSS). Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, 16(1), 112–127. https://jett.labosfor.com/index.php/jett/article/view/2394
Munir, R. I. S., & Rahman, R. A. (2016). Determining Dimensions of Job Satisfaction Using Factor Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30156-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30156-3
Nagar, K. (2012). Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction among Teachers during Times of Burnout. Vikalpa, 37(2), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920120205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920120205
Ortan, F., Simut, C., & Simut, R. (2021). Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction and Teacher Well-Being in the K-12 Educational System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312763
Pandey, P., & Asthana, P. K. (2017). An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction. Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, 8(3), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.18843/ijcms/v8i3/11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18843/ijcms/v8i3/11
Pepe, A., Addimando, L., & Veronese, G. (2017). Measuring Teacher Job Satisfaction: Assessing Invariance in the Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale (TJSS) Across Six Countries. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 13(3), 396–416. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1389 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1389
Pongton, P., & Suntrayuth, S. (2019). Communication Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance in Higher Education Instituti. ABAC Journal, 39(3), 90–110.
Sahito, Z., & Vaisanen, P. (2020). A Literature Review on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Developing Countries: Recommendations and Solutions for the Enhancement of the Job. Review of Education, 8(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3159
Sinha, C., Kamra, N. B., Duggal, T., Sinha, R., Sujatha, R., & Mutsuddi, I. (2022). Exploring the Unison of Socio-Technical Assemblage: Impact of Employee Job Behavior on Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development, 14(2), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSKD.2022040104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSKD.2022040104
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2011). Teacher Job Satisfaction and Motivation to Leave the Teaching Profession: Relations with School Context, Feeling of Belonging, and Emotional Exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(6), 1029–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.04.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.04.001
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Still Motivated to Teach? A Study of School Context Variables, Stress and Job Satisfaction among Teachers in Senior High School. Social Psychology of Education, 20(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9363-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9363-9
Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of Human Service Staff Satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693–713. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796
Sypniewska, B. A. (2014). Evaluation of Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction. Contemporary Economics, 8(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.131
Taheri, R. H., Miah, M. S., & Kamaruzzaman, M. (2020). Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction of Employees. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(6), 403–406. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.6.643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.6.643
Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher Job Satisfaction: The Importance of School Working Conditions and Teacher Characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1), 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247
Troesch, L. M., & Bauer, C. E. (2017). Second Career Teachers: Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, and the Role of Self-Efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.07.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.07.006
Tsai, P., & Antoniou, P. (2021). Teacher Job Satisfaction in Taiwan: Making the Connections with Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Self-Efficacy and Student Achievement. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(5), 1016–1029. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-02-2020-0114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-02-2020-0114
Tsounis, A., & Sarafis, P. (2018). Validity and Reliability of the Greek Translation of the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). BMC Psychology, 6(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0241-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-018-0241-4
Uçar, M. Y., & Bagatarhan, T. (2022). The Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale – Turkish Form: Psychometric Properties and Construct Validity. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(4), 1049–1060. https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2022.04.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2022.04.010
Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1977). Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire--short form. Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1037/t08880-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t08880-000
Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
Yuan, J., Zhang, L., Weng, S., Yin, Y., Li, C., & Luo, L. (2022b). Validation of the Chinese Version of the Physical Education Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1040388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1040388
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Novri Gazali, Feby Elra Perdima, Edi Setiawan, Joseph Lobo, Merlina Sari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, search, or link to full-text articles in this journal without asking by giving appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. All of the remix, transform, or build upon the material must distribute the contributions under the same license as the original.
Accepted 2025-07-30
Published 2025-08-20
.png)
.png){kind=logo}
.png)
1.png){kind=icon}
