Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the game performance assessment instrument (GPAI) for team sports in Indonesian physical education
Keywords:
Game performance assessment instrument, game performance, tactical behaviour, physical education, team sportsAbstract
Background: Assessing students’ game performance in physical education requires valid and reliable instruments that can capture tactical behaviors during authentic gameplay situations. However, a standardized Indonesian version of the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) for team sports assessment in physical education has not yet been established. Objectives: This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) for assessing students’ tactical performance in team sports. Methods: A cross-sectional validation design was employed involving 200 students from junior and senior high schools participating in physical education classes. The Indonesian GPAI evaluates six components of game performance: decision making, skill execution, support, cover, guarding, and base. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), while construct validity was examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, and inter-rater reliability was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: All GPAI components demonstrated acceptable content validity (CVR ≥ 0.60). The CFA results indicated a satisfactory model fit (CFI ≥ 0.90; RMSEA ≤ 0.08), supporting the factorial structure of the instrument. The Cronbach’s alpha values exceeded 0.70, indicating strong internal consistency, and the ICC values showed high agreement between observers. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of GPAI demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing students’ tactical performance in team sports. The instrument provides a useful tool for teachers and researchers to conduct systematic and objective assessments of game performance in physical education contexts.
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Author Biographies
Ega Trisna Rahayu, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Bekasi, Indonesia
Kamal Prihandani, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Bekasi, Indonesia
Rolly Afrinaldi, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Bekasi, Indonesia
Rina Syafrida, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Bekasi, Indonesia
Farruh Ahmedov, Department of Coordination of Scientific Works, Samarkand State University, Samarqand, Uzbekistan
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Accepted 2026-04-22
Published 2026-08-31
