FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN PANGAN BERKELANJUTAN DI KECAMATAN BANGKO, KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/jurps.2025.25338Keywords:
Affected Location, Causative Factor, Land Conversion, Sustainable AgricultureAbstract
Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) is a category of land-use allocation that is highly vulnerable to conversion. According to Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land and Government Regulation No. 1 of 2011 regarding the Designation and Transfer of LP2B Functions, lands designated as LP2B must be legally protected and are prohibited from being converted. The LP2B area in Rokan Hilir Regency was formally established in 2019 through the Decree of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning No. 686/SK-PG.03.03/XII/2019. However, the 2022 Land Use Monitoring Report indicated a significant reduction in LP2B area, declining by 37.98% between 2019 and 2022, accompanied by a 4.63% (1,833.15 tons) decrease in rice production. Bangko District experienced the greatest reduction (28%) while also contributing the largest share of LP2B area (31.5%) in the regency. This situation suggests that conversion to non-agricultural uses occurred after the LP2B Decree was enacted. The condition was further aggravated by prolonged droughts, the persistence of traditional farming practices, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the rate and determinants of LP2B land conversion, evaluate the influence of each factor, and identify the most affected areas based on farmers’ perceptions in Bangko District. The research employed a quantitative survey method with 89 farmer respondents, supported by questionnaires and secondary data. Analytical methods included conversion rate analysis, factor analysis, multiple correlation analysis, and weighted value analysis. The findings show that the rate of LP2B land conversion in Bangko District from 2019 to 2023 reached 10.36%, categorized as very fast. The main factors influencing conversion were LP2B area size, crop failures, agricultural production costs, and farmers’ health conditions. These variables jointly explained 99% of the variation in LP2B conversion rates. From the farmers’ perspective, Bagan Punak Pesisir Village was identified as the most affected location, with 50.8% of land impacted.
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