Penyalahgunaan Posisi Dominan Oleh Pelaku Usaha Dominan Melalui Penggunaan Algoritma Harga
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/uirlrev.2022.vol6(2).11750Keywords:
Algorithmic Pricing, Abuse of Dominant Position, Consumers Welfare, Competition LawAbstract
Advancement of technology resulted in a digitalized business world. Consequently, businesses start to use technology like algorithms to make business decisions, for example, introducing algorithms to set prices. Such algorithms are known as pricing algorithms. However, when these algorithms are utilized by a dominant firm, it exposes a risk of abuse. There is also a concern relating to available legal recourse by competition authorities in tackling this novel issue. Thus, this research aims to analyse the relationship between algorithmic pricing and abuse of dominant position, as well as providing solutions pertaining to available legal recourse that might be useful for competition authorities in facing this contemporary issue. To this end, this legal research employs statute, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches. Through these methodologies, this research analyses the usage of algorithmic pricing and abuse of dominant position in conformity to Indonesian law; and transforming the available legal recourse to be more accommodative in confronting the use of algorithmic pricing.The use of algorithmic pricing can entail an abuse of dominant position, considering the ability of algorithms to impose trade restrictions, hence excluding potential competitors and preventing consumers from attaining a fair price. Available legal recourse that can be considered by competition authorities are: increasing knowledge on algorithmic pricing, imposing regulations to support transparency and accountability, and using a structural approach. In terms of evidence, authorities should put more weigh on digital evidence, circumstantial evidence, and expert opinions.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
BUKU
Emmerich, Voelker. Kartellrecht. Verlag C. H. Beck, Muenchen, 2021
Ezrachi, Azriel, and Maurice Stucke. Virtual Competition. Harvard University Press, 2016.
Fahmi Lubis, Andi. Hukum Persaingan Usaha Buku Teks, 2016.
Fishwick, Frank. Strategi Persaingan. Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta, 1993.
Frenz, Walter. Handbook of EU Competition Law. Springer, 2016.
Fuady, Munir. Hukum Anti Monopoli Menyongsong Era Persaingan Sehat. PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2003.
Hutchinson, Terry. Researching and Writing in Law. Lawbook Co, Sydney, 2002.
Kagramanto, Budi. Mengenal Hukum Persaingan Usaha (Berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999). Laros, Surabaya, 2008.
Marzuki, Peter. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. Kencana, Jakarta, 2008.
Marzuki, Peter. Penelitian Hukum. Kencana, Jakarta, 2019.
Nugroho, Susanti. Pengaturan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia. Litbang MA, Jakarta, 2001.
Rokan, Mustafa. Hukum Persaingan Usaha (Teori Dan Praktiknya Di Indonesia). Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2010.
Silalahi, Udin. Perusahaan Saling Mematikan&Bersekongkol: Bagaimana Cara Memenangkan? Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta, 2007.
Simbolon, Alum. Hukum Persaingan Usaha Buku Teks. Penerbit Liberty, Yogyakarta, 2014.
Siswanto, Arie. Hukum Persaingan Usaha Cetakan II. Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor, 2004.
Yani, Ahmad, and Gunawan Widjaja. Seri Hukum Bisnis Anti Monopoli. Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 1999.
Harahap, Yahya. Hukum Acara Perdata:Tentang Gugatan. Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2016.
JURNAL
“Competition Law and Policy”. Competition Policy Analysis., 2021, 34–48 https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203183229-8.
Acquisti, Alessandro, and Hal R. Varian. “Conditioning Prices on Purchase History”. Marketing Science. Vol. 24 No. 3, 2005, p. 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1040.0103.
Arsyah, Muhammad et al. “Asian Law Students Association (ALSA) National Chapter Indonesia Legal Review Competition 2020: Penerapan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Dalam Ekonomi Digital Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0”., 2020.
Bergemann, Dirk et al. “The Limits of Price Discrimination”. American Economic Review. Vol. 105 No. 3, 2015, p. 921–957. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130848.
Botta, Marco, and Klaus Wiedemann. “To Discriminate or Not to Discriminate? Personalised Pricing in Online Markets as Exploitative Abuse of Dominance”. European Journal of Law and Economics. Vol. 50 No. 3, 2020, p. 381–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-019-09636-3.
Bougette, Patrice et al. “Exploitative Abuse and Abuse of Economic Dependence: What Can We Learn from an Industrial Organization Approach?”. Revue d’Economie Politique. Vol. 129 No. 2, 2019, p. 261–286. https://doi.org/10.3917/redp.292.0261.
Calvano, Emilio et al. “Algorithmic Pricing What Implications for Competition Policy?”. Review of Industrial Organization. Vol. 55 No. 1, 2019, p. 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-019-09689-3.
Chen, Le et al. “An Empirical Analysis of Algorithmic Pricing on Amazon Marketplace”. 25th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2016., 2016, 1339–1349 https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883089.
Cohen, Maxime C. et al. “Dynamic Pricing through Data Sampling”. Production and Operations Management. Vol. 27 No. 6, 2018, p. 1074–1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.12854.
Fitriani, Risma Intan, and Ria Setyawati, “Fair Competition and Abuse of Dominant Position: How Market Leader Can Be Abusive in the Relevant Market?”. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology. Vol. 17 No.3, 2020.
Gal, Avigdor. “It’s a Feature, Not a Bug: On Learning Algorithms and What They Teach Us”. Roundtable on Algorithms and Collusion., June, 2017.
Garbarino, Ellen, and Sarah Maxwell. “Consumer Response to Norm-Breaking Pricing Events in e-Commerce”. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 63 No. 9–10, 2010, p. 1066–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.12.010.
Garcia, Lillian. “Lina Khan , New Technologies , and Institutional Reform”., No. 29, 2018.
Hartono, Julienna et al. “Analisis Penggunaan Algoritma Harga Sebagai Bentuk Perjanjian Penetapan Harga Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune. Vol. 4 No. 1, 2021, p. 37–49.
Kahneman, Daniel et al. “American Economic Association Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market”. Source: The American Economic Review. Vol. 76 No. 4, 1986, p. 728–741.
Lúpi, Rua Miguel. “Controlling Algorithmic Collusion : Short Review of the Literature , Undecidability , and Alternative Approaches João E . Gata REM Working Paper 077-2019 March 2019 REM – Research in Economics and Mathematics “ Controlling Algorithmic Collusion : Short Re”., 2019.
Marty, Frédéric. “Pouvoirs Économiques Privés et Ordre Concurrentiel : Une Application à l’économie Numérique”. OFCE Working Paper., 2018.
Mehra, Salil K. “Antitrust and the Robo-Seller: Competition in the Time of Algorithms”. Minnesota Law Review. Vol. 100 No. 4, 2016, p. 1323–1375.
Miller, Akiva A. What Do We Worry about When We Worry about Price Discrimination-The Law and Ethics of Using Personal Information for Pricing’ (2014) 19 Journal of Technology Law & Policy 41. MLA 8th Ed. Miller, Akiva A Journal of Technology Law & Policy. Vol. 19, 2014 https://heinonline.org/HOL/License accessed 2014.
Shiller, Benjamin Reed. “First-Degree Price Discrimination Using Big Data”. Brandeis University., 2014, 1–35.
Siregar, Mahmul. “Bukti Tidak Langsung (Indirect Evidence) Dalam Penegakan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, Vol. 13.
Thoby, Anne-Sophie. “How to Think Optimally the European Competition Law Framework for Pricing Algorithms?”., 2020, 1–32 https://www.competition-forum.com/. accessed 2020.
Putra, Aldo Suhartono. “Hukum Persaingan 4.0: Issue Bigdata, Artificial Intelligence Dan Blockchain Dalam Konteks Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Era Industri Ekonomi Digital”. Dharmasisya: Jurnal Program Magister Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia. Vol. 1 No. 3, 2021, p. 1131–1134.
Yuristia, Rishma. “Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 Terhadap Pengajuan Praperadilan Mengenai Penetapan Status Ongky Syahrul Ramadhona Sebagai Tersangka”. Jurnal Verstek. Vol. 4 No. 3, 2016, p. 139.
Yustia, M. “Pembuktian Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia Terhadap Cyber Crime”. Pranata Hukum. Vol. 5 No. 2, 2010, p. 26724.
INTERNET
Kirana. “The Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Digital Economy”. https://feb.ugm.ac.id/en/news/3559-pandemi-covid-19-dan-dampaknya-terhadap-ekonomi-digital-2 diakses 24 Agustus, 2022.
Namira, Izza. “7 Aplikasi Ini Memanfaatkan Artificial Intelligence Dengan Maksimal”., n.d. https://www.idntimes.com/tech/trend/izza-namira-1/aplikasi-dengan-kecerdasan-buatan-terbaik diakses 24 Agustus, 2022.
AirBnb. “What’s Smart About Smart Pricing?”, https://blog.atairbnb.com/smart-pricing/, diakses pada 23 Agustus 2022.
Lowrey, Annie. “Is Uber’s Surge-Pricing an Example of High-Tech Gouging?”, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/magazine/is-ubers-surge-pricing-an-example-of-high-tech-gouging.html, diakses 14 September 2022.
K. Taft, Daryyl. “Amazon Buy Box: The Internet’s $80 Billion Sales Button”, https://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/amazon-buy-box-the-internet-s-80-billion-sales-button/, diakses 3 Oktober 2022.
Am Main, Frankfurt. “Watchdog slams Luthfansa over ‘algorithm’ price hikes”, https://gulfnews.com/business/aviation/watchdog-slams-lufthansa-over-algorithm-price-hikes-1.2148603, diakses 28 Agustus 2022.
Surowiecki, James. “In Praise of Efficient Price Gouding”, https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/08/19/74207/in-praise-of-efficient-price-gouging/, diakses 20 September 2022.
Perri, Janine. “Uber vs. Lyft: Who’s tops in the battle of U.S. rideshare companies”, https://secondmeasure.com/datapoints/rideshare-industry-overview/#:~:text=The%20breakdown%20of%20May%202022,percent%20of%20U.S.%20rideshare%20spending, diakses pada 14 September 2022.
Hathaway, Jay. “Uber Turned On Surge Pricing for People Fleeing Sydney Hostage Scene”, https://www.gawker.com/uber-turned-on-surge-pricing-for-people-fleeing-sydney-1671193132, diakses15 September 2022.
Wareza, Monica. “Siap-Siap! September, Tarif Ojol Naik Di Seluruh Wilayah”, https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190810095834-4-91096/siap-siap-september-tarif-ojol-naik-di-seluruh-wilayah, diakses pada 23 Agustus 2022.
LAIN LAIN
European Comission. “Final Report on the E-Commerce Sector Inquiry”. The Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Vol. 147 2011, p. 578–579. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19097363 accessed 2011.
Financial, Directorate F O R et al. “Netherlands”., 2018.
OECD. “Algorithms and Collusion”. OECD., 2017, 1–66 www.oecd.org/competition/algorithms-collusion-competition-policy-in-the-digital-age.htm accessed 2017.
OECD. “Executive Summary of the Discussion on Personalised Pricing in the Digital Era”. Annex to the Summary Record of the 130th Meeting of the Competition Committee., No. 2018, 2018, p. 1–5.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. “Data-Driven Innovation for Growth and Well-Being - OECD”. Oecd., No. Xx, 2017, p. 1–50. https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/data-driven-innovation.htm accessed 2017.
UK Competition and Markets Authority. “Pricing Algorithms”. Competition & Markets Authority., No. CMA94, 2018 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/746353/Algorithms_econ_report.pdf accessed 2018.
Emmerich, Voelker. Kartellrecht. Verlag C. H. Beck, Muenchen, 2021
Ezrachi, Azriel, and Maurice Stucke. Virtual Competition. Harvard University Press, 2016.
Fahmi Lubis, Andi. Hukum Persaingan Usaha Buku Teks, 2016.
Fishwick, Frank. Strategi Persaingan. Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta, 1993.
Frenz, Walter. Handbook of EU Competition Law. Springer, 2016.
Fuady, Munir. Hukum Anti Monopoli Menyongsong Era Persaingan Sehat. PT Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2003.
Hutchinson, Terry. Researching and Writing in Law. Lawbook Co, Sydney, 2002.
Kagramanto, Budi. Mengenal Hukum Persaingan Usaha (Berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999). Laros, Surabaya, 2008.
Marzuki, Peter. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. Kencana, Jakarta, 2008.
Marzuki, Peter. Penelitian Hukum. Kencana, Jakarta, 2019.
Nugroho, Susanti. Pengaturan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia. Litbang MA, Jakarta, 2001.
Rokan, Mustafa. Hukum Persaingan Usaha (Teori Dan Praktiknya Di Indonesia). Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2010.
Silalahi, Udin. Perusahaan Saling Mematikan&Bersekongkol: Bagaimana Cara Memenangkan? Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta, 2007.
Simbolon, Alum. Hukum Persaingan Usaha Buku Teks. Penerbit Liberty, Yogyakarta, 2014.
Siswanto, Arie. Hukum Persaingan Usaha Cetakan II. Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor, 2004.
Yani, Ahmad, and Gunawan Widjaja. Seri Hukum Bisnis Anti Monopoli. Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 1999.
Harahap, Yahya. Hukum Acara Perdata:Tentang Gugatan. Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2016.
JURNAL
“Competition Law and Policy”. Competition Policy Analysis., 2021, 34–48 https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203183229-8.
Acquisti, Alessandro, and Hal R. Varian. “Conditioning Prices on Purchase History”. Marketing Science. Vol. 24 No. 3, 2005, p. 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1040.0103.
Arsyah, Muhammad et al. “Asian Law Students Association (ALSA) National Chapter Indonesia Legal Review Competition 2020: Penerapan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Dalam Ekonomi Digital Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0”., 2020.
Bergemann, Dirk et al. “The Limits of Price Discrimination”. American Economic Review. Vol. 105 No. 3, 2015, p. 921–957. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130848.
Botta, Marco, and Klaus Wiedemann. “To Discriminate or Not to Discriminate? Personalised Pricing in Online Markets as Exploitative Abuse of Dominance”. European Journal of Law and Economics. Vol. 50 No. 3, 2020, p. 381–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-019-09636-3.
Bougette, Patrice et al. “Exploitative Abuse and Abuse of Economic Dependence: What Can We Learn from an Industrial Organization Approach?”. Revue d’Economie Politique. Vol. 129 No. 2, 2019, p. 261–286. https://doi.org/10.3917/redp.292.0261.
Calvano, Emilio et al. “Algorithmic Pricing What Implications for Competition Policy?”. Review of Industrial Organization. Vol. 55 No. 1, 2019, p. 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-019-09689-3.
Chen, Le et al. “An Empirical Analysis of Algorithmic Pricing on Amazon Marketplace”. 25th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2016., 2016, 1339–1349 https://doi.org/10.1145/2872427.2883089.
Cohen, Maxime C. et al. “Dynamic Pricing through Data Sampling”. Production and Operations Management. Vol. 27 No. 6, 2018, p. 1074–1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.12854.
Fitriani, Risma Intan, and Ria Setyawati, “Fair Competition and Abuse of Dominant Position: How Market Leader Can Be Abusive in the Relevant Market?”. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology. Vol. 17 No.3, 2020.
Gal, Avigdor. “It’s a Feature, Not a Bug: On Learning Algorithms and What They Teach Us”. Roundtable on Algorithms and Collusion., June, 2017.
Garbarino, Ellen, and Sarah Maxwell. “Consumer Response to Norm-Breaking Pricing Events in e-Commerce”. Journal of Business Research. Vol. 63 No. 9–10, 2010, p. 1066–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.12.010.
Garcia, Lillian. “Lina Khan , New Technologies , and Institutional Reform”., No. 29, 2018.
Hartono, Julienna et al. “Analisis Penggunaan Algoritma Harga Sebagai Bentuk Perjanjian Penetapan Harga Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune. Vol. 4 No. 1, 2021, p. 37–49.
Kahneman, Daniel et al. “American Economic Association Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market”. Source: The American Economic Review. Vol. 76 No. 4, 1986, p. 728–741.
Lúpi, Rua Miguel. “Controlling Algorithmic Collusion : Short Review of the Literature , Undecidability , and Alternative Approaches João E . Gata REM Working Paper 077-2019 March 2019 REM – Research in Economics and Mathematics “ Controlling Algorithmic Collusion : Short Re”., 2019.
Marty, Frédéric. “Pouvoirs Économiques Privés et Ordre Concurrentiel : Une Application à l’économie Numérique”. OFCE Working Paper., 2018.
Mehra, Salil K. “Antitrust and the Robo-Seller: Competition in the Time of Algorithms”. Minnesota Law Review. Vol. 100 No. 4, 2016, p. 1323–1375.
Miller, Akiva A. What Do We Worry about When We Worry about Price Discrimination-The Law and Ethics of Using Personal Information for Pricing’ (2014) 19 Journal of Technology Law & Policy 41. MLA 8th Ed. Miller, Akiva A Journal of Technology Law & Policy. Vol. 19, 2014 https://heinonline.org/HOL/License accessed 2014.
Shiller, Benjamin Reed. “First-Degree Price Discrimination Using Big Data”. Brandeis University., 2014, 1–35.
Siregar, Mahmul. “Bukti Tidak Langsung (Indirect Evidence) Dalam Penegakan Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, Vol. 13.
Thoby, Anne-Sophie. “How to Think Optimally the European Competition Law Framework for Pricing Algorithms?”., 2020, 1–32 https://www.competition-forum.com/. accessed 2020.
Putra, Aldo Suhartono. “Hukum Persaingan 4.0: Issue Bigdata, Artificial Intelligence Dan Blockchain Dalam Konteks Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Era Industri Ekonomi Digital”. Dharmasisya: Jurnal Program Magister Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia. Vol. 1 No. 3, 2021, p. 1131–1134.
Yuristia, Rishma. “Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 Terhadap Pengajuan Praperadilan Mengenai Penetapan Status Ongky Syahrul Ramadhona Sebagai Tersangka”. Jurnal Verstek. Vol. 4 No. 3, 2016, p. 139.
Yustia, M. “Pembuktian Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia Terhadap Cyber Crime”. Pranata Hukum. Vol. 5 No. 2, 2010, p. 26724.
INTERNET
Kirana. “The Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Digital Economy”. https://feb.ugm.ac.id/en/news/3559-pandemi-covid-19-dan-dampaknya-terhadap-ekonomi-digital-2 diakses 24 Agustus, 2022.
Namira, Izza. “7 Aplikasi Ini Memanfaatkan Artificial Intelligence Dengan Maksimal”., n.d. https://www.idntimes.com/tech/trend/izza-namira-1/aplikasi-dengan-kecerdasan-buatan-terbaik diakses 24 Agustus, 2022.
AirBnb. “What’s Smart About Smart Pricing?”, https://blog.atairbnb.com/smart-pricing/, diakses pada 23 Agustus 2022.
Lowrey, Annie. “Is Uber’s Surge-Pricing an Example of High-Tech Gouging?”, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/magazine/is-ubers-surge-pricing-an-example-of-high-tech-gouging.html, diakses 14 September 2022.
K. Taft, Daryyl. “Amazon Buy Box: The Internet’s $80 Billion Sales Button”, https://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/amazon-buy-box-the-internet-s-80-billion-sales-button/, diakses 3 Oktober 2022.
Am Main, Frankfurt. “Watchdog slams Luthfansa over ‘algorithm’ price hikes”, https://gulfnews.com/business/aviation/watchdog-slams-lufthansa-over-algorithm-price-hikes-1.2148603, diakses 28 Agustus 2022.
Surowiecki, James. “In Praise of Efficient Price Gouding”, https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/08/19/74207/in-praise-of-efficient-price-gouging/, diakses 20 September 2022.
Perri, Janine. “Uber vs. Lyft: Who’s tops in the battle of U.S. rideshare companies”, https://secondmeasure.com/datapoints/rideshare-industry-overview/#:~:text=The%20breakdown%20of%20May%202022,percent%20of%20U.S.%20rideshare%20spending, diakses pada 14 September 2022.
Hathaway, Jay. “Uber Turned On Surge Pricing for People Fleeing Sydney Hostage Scene”, https://www.gawker.com/uber-turned-on-surge-pricing-for-people-fleeing-sydney-1671193132, diakses15 September 2022.
Wareza, Monica. “Siap-Siap! September, Tarif Ojol Naik Di Seluruh Wilayah”, https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190810095834-4-91096/siap-siap-september-tarif-ojol-naik-di-seluruh-wilayah, diakses pada 23 Agustus 2022.
LAIN LAIN
European Comission. “Final Report on the E-Commerce Sector Inquiry”. The Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Vol. 147 2011, p. 578–579. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19097363 accessed 2011.
Financial, Directorate F O R et al. “Netherlands”., 2018.
OECD. “Algorithms and Collusion”. OECD., 2017, 1–66 www.oecd.org/competition/algorithms-collusion-competition-policy-in-the-digital-age.htm accessed 2017.
OECD. “Executive Summary of the Discussion on Personalised Pricing in the Digital Era”. Annex to the Summary Record of the 130th Meeting of the Competition Committee., No. 2018, 2018, p. 1–5.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. “Data-Driven Innovation for Growth and Well-Being - OECD”. Oecd., No. Xx, 2017, p. 1–50. https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/data-driven-innovation.htm accessed 2017.
UK Competition and Markets Authority. “Pricing Algorithms”. Competition & Markets Authority., No. CMA94, 2018 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/746353/Algorithms_econ_report.pdf accessed 2018.
Downloads
Published
2023-02-21
Issue
Section
Articles
