Eco-Enzyme Application Reduces Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) Infestation on Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturtev.): Insights into Sustainable Pest Management

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (fall armyworm) is a major pest of Zea mays saccharata Sturtev. that causes severe leaf damage during the vegetative stage. Continuous use of chemical pesticides leads to resistance and environmental pollution, necessitating the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. Eco-enzyme, a bio-based liquid produced from the fermentation of organic waste, contains organic acids and enzymes that may enhance plant resistance and suppress pest activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eco-enzyme application on S. frugiperda infestation, attack intensity, and population during the vegetative phase of maize. The experiment was conducted from July to September 2025 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, using two treatments: without and with eco-enzyme application. Observations were made from 2 to 6 weeks after planting (WAP), and data were analyzed using an independent t-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that eco-enzyme treatment significantly reduced the infestation percentage, attack intensity, and pest population compared to those control. At 6 WAP, infestation reached 100% in the control and 92% with eco-enzyme, with attack intensity values of 43.56% and 35.56%, respectively. These results suggest that eco-enzyme effectively suppresses S. frugiperda and can be used in integrated pest management.