Geochemistry and geodynamic setting of Paleoproterozoic granites of Lesser Garhwal Himalaya, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.2-2.2138Keywords:
Paleoproterozoic granite, Garhwal Himalaya, syn-collision granite, geodynamic setting of Lesser HimalayaAbstract
The granite and gneisses rocks are well exposed around Toneta, Tilwara and Chirbatiyakhal region in the Lesser Garhwal Himalaya have less studied which consider as Paleoproterozoic age. The granites from Toneta area are classified as K-rich peraluminous granite with low Na2O varies from 0.85 to 2.4 wt.% and high K2O content varies from 5.0 to 6.9 wt.%. The average Al2O3 (14.16 wt.%) in the granite is greater than the total alkalies (Na2O+K2O = Av. 7.62 wt.%), the Titania (TiO2) content is low ranging from 0.1 to 0.28 wt. %. In the Y + Nb – Rb, Y – Nb, Ta + Yb – Rb, and Yb – Ta discrimination diagram of Pearce et al. (1984) show that the Toneta granites mostly plots within the syn-collision granite fields. This is typical collisional granite.
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References
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Bhanot, V.B., Bhandari, A.K., Singh, V.P., Kansal, A.K., 1979. Geochronological and geological studies of granites of Higher Himalaya, Northeast of Manikaran, H.P. Journal of Geololgical Society of India 20, 90–94.
Bhanot, V.B., Kwatra, S.K., Kansal, A.K., Pandey, B. K., 1978. Rb–Sr whole rock age for Chail Series of Northwestern Himalaya. Journal of Geological Society of India 19, 224–227.
Bhanot, V. B., Singh, V. P., Kansal, A. K., Thakur, V. C., 1977. Early Proterozoic Rb–Sr whole rock age for Central Crystalline gneiss of Higher Himalaya, Kumaun. Geological Society of India, 18, 90–91.
Frank, W., Thoni, M., Purtscheller, F., 1977. Geology and petrography of Kulu-South Lahul area. Colloquium International Center for Natural Research Sciences 33, 147–172.
Fusch, G., Sinha, A.K., 1978. The tectonics of the Garhwal-Kumaun lesser Himalaya-Jb.Geol.B-A, 121 (2), 219-241, Wein.
Gansser, A., 1993. Facts and theories on the Himalayas. Jour. Geol. Soc. India 41, 487-508.
Gansser, A., 1964. Geology of the Himalayas. Wiley Inter Science, New York, 289.
Heim, A., Gansser, A., 1939. Central Himalaya, Geological observations of Swiss expedition 1936. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., 73, 245.
Islam, R., Ahmad, T., Khanna, P.P., 2005. An overview on the granitoids of the NW Himalaya. Himalayan Geology 26 (1), 49-60.
Kwatra, S.K., Bhanot, V.B., Kakar, R.K., Kansal, A.K., 1986. Rb–Sr radiometric ages of the Wangtu Gneissic Complex, Kinnaur district, Higher Himachal Himalaya. Bulletin of Indian Geologists’ Association 19, 127–130.
McDonough, W.F., Sun, S.-S., 1995. Composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, 223-253. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.
Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994. Naming Materials in the Magma Igneous System. Earth-Science Review 37, 215–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
Miller, C., Klotzli, U., Frank, W., Thoni, M., Grasemann, B., 2000. Proterozoic crustal evolution in the NW Himalaya (India) as recorded by circa 1.80 Ga mafic and 1.84 Ga granitic magmatism. Precambrian Research 103, 191–206.
Negi, S. S., Sinha, A. K., Pandey, B. K., 1980. “A Preliminary Report on the Geology and Structure of the Rudraprayag- Tilwara-Mayali Area of Garhwal Himalaya,” Himalayan Geology 10, 211-219
O’Connor, J.T., 1965. A classification for quartz-rich igneous rocks based on feldspar ratios. US Geological Survey Professional Paper B 525, 79–84.
Pandey, B. K., Singh, V. P., Bhanot, V. B., Mehta, P.K., 1981. Rb–Sr geochronological studies of the gneissic rocks of the Ranikhet and Masi area of Almora Crystallines, Lesser Himalaya, Kumaun, U.P. Abstract Himalayan Geology 12th Seminar.
Paul, D. K., Mcnaughton, N. J., Chatopadya, S., Ray, K. K., 1996. Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Lingtse Gneiss, Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya: revisited. Journal of Geological Society of India 48, 497–506.
Patriat, P., Achache, J., 1984, India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanisms of plates. Nature 311, 615–621.
Pearce, J. A., Harris, N.W., Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Petrology 25, 956-983. doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S.R., 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamona area, northern Turkey. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745
Phukon, P., Sen, K., Srivastava, H.B., Singhal, S., Sen, A., 2018. U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry from the Kumaun Himalaya, NW India, reveal Paleoproterozoic arc magmatism related to formation of the Columbia supercontinent, Geological Society of America, https:// doi .org /10 .1130 /B31866 .1
Powell, C., McA., Crawford, A.R., Armstong, R.L., Prakash, R., Wynne-Edwards, H.R., 1979. Reconnaissance Rb–Sr dates for the Himalayan Central Gneiss, Northwest India. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 139–151.
Raju, B.N.V., Chabria, T., Prasad, R.N., Mahadevan, T.M., Bhalla, N.S., 1982. Early Proterozoic Rb–Sr isochron age for Central Crystalline, Bhilangana valley, Garhwal Himalaya. Himalayan Geology, 12, 196–205.
Rao, D.R., Sharma, K.K., Gopalan, K., 1995. Granitoid rock of Wangtu Gnessic Complex, Himachal Pradesh: an example of in situ fractional crystallization and volatile action. Journal of Geological Society of India 46, 5–14.
Rao, P.S., 1998. Kameng Orogeny, 1.8–1.9 Ga. from the isotopic evidence of the Bomdila orthogneisses, Kameng Sector, NEFA, India. Geological Bulletin, University of Peshawar, 31, 159–162.
Saklani, P.S., 1993. Geology of the Lower Himalaya (Garhwal). International Books and Periodicals Supply Service, New Delhi, 246.
Saklani, P.S., Nainwal, D.C., Singh, V.K., 1991. Geometry of the composite Main Central Thrust (MCT) in Yamuna valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh., 1991, 364-380.
Shand, S.J., 1943. Eruptive Rocks. Their Genesis Composition. Classification, and Their Relation to Ore-Deposits with a Chapter on Meteorite. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Singh, S., Claesson, S., Jain, A.K., Sjoberg, H., Gee, D.G. Manickavasagam, R.M., Andreasson, P.G., 1994. Geochemistry of the Proterozoic peraluminous granitoids from the Higher Himalayan Crystalline, HHC and Jutogh Nappe, Himachal Pradesh, India. (Abstract volume) Journal of Geological Society of Nepal 10, 125.
Singh, S., Jain, A.K., Barley, M.E., 2009. SHRIMP U-Pb ~1860 Ma anorogenic magmatic signatures from NW Himalaya: implications for Paleoproterozoic assembly. In: Reddy, S.M., Mazumdar, R., Evans, D.A.D. & Collins, A.S. (eds.) Paleoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution. The Geological Society London, Special Publicaltion 323, 283-300. doi: 10.1144/SP323.14
Singh, V.P., Bhanot, V.B., Singh, R.P., 1985. Geochronology of the granitic and gneissic rocks from Munsiari, Namik and Tawaghat areas of the Central Crystalline Zone, Kumaun Himalaya, U.P. 3rd National Symposium on Mass Spectrometry, Hyderabad, September 22–24
Singh, V.P., Singh, R.P., Bhanot, V.B., 1986. Rb–Sr isotopic studies for the granitic and gneissic rocks of Almora area of Almora Crystallines, Kumaun Himalaya, U.P. 4th National Symposium on Mass Spectrometry, Bangalore, EPS-1, 1–4.
Singh, V.K., 2011. Structural and Metamorphic evolution of the rocks of the Garhwal Himalaya: possible linkage with Bundelkhand craton, India. Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference Precambrian Continental Growth and Tectonism (Editors: V.K. Singh & Ram Chandra), 20-35.
Singh, V.K., Slabunov, A., 2015. The Central Bundelkhand Archaean greenstone complex, Bundelkhand craton, central India: geology, composition, and geochronology of supracrustal rocks. International Geology Review 57, 1349- 1364.
Singh, V.K., Singh, S.P., Saklani, P.S., Dubey, C.S., 1998. Mesostructures and deformational history of the Central Crystallines: an example from Garhwal Himalaya, India. J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 17, 59-69.
Sinha, A.K., 1989. Geology of the Higher Central Himalaya. John Wily & Sons, 219.
Slabunov, A.I., Singh, V.K., 2018. Meso–Neoarchaean crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton, Indian Shield: new data from greenstone belts. International Geology Review, doi:10.1080/00206814.2018.1512906.
Slabunov, A.I., Singh, V.K., Shchiptsov, V.V., Lepekhina E. N., Kevlich V.I., 2017. A new Palaeoproterozoic (1.9-1.8 Ga) event in the crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton, India: the results of (SHRIMP) Dating of zircons from giant quartz veins. In: Slabunov, A.I., Svetov, S.A., and Baltibaev, Sh.K. (eds.), Early Precambrian vs Modern Geodynamics. Extended Abstracts and Field Trips Guide. Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 239-241.
Svetov, S.A., Stepanova, A.V., Chazhengina, S.Y., Svetova, E.N., Rybnikova, Z.P., Mikhailova, A.I., Paramonov, A.S., Utitsyna, V.L., Ekhova, M.V., Kolodey, B.S., 2015, Precision geochemical (ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS) analysis of rock and mineral composition: the method and accuracy estimation in the case study of Early Precambrian mafic complexes. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre RAS. No 7. Precambrian Geology Series 54–73. doi: 10.17076/geo140
Thakur, V.C., 1992 Geology of western Himalaya, Pergamon Press Ltd., London, 355.
Trivedi, J.R., Gopalan, K., Valdiya, K.S., 1984. Rb–Sr ages of granitic rocks within the Lesser Himalayan nappes, Kumaun, India. Journal of Geological Society of India 25, 641–653.
Valdiya, K.S., 1980. Geology of the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 291.
Barker, F., 1979. Trondhjemite: definition, environment and hypotheses of origin. In: BARKER, F. (ed.) Trondhjemites, Dacites, and Related Rocks. Elsevier, Developments in Petrology, Amsterdam 6, 1–12, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-41765-7.50006-X
Batchelor, R.A., Bowden P., 1985. Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters. Chem Geol 48, 43-55. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(85)90034-8
Bhanot, V.B., Bhandari, A.K., Singh, V.P., Kansal, A.K., 1979. Geochronological and geological studies of granites of Higher Himalaya, Northeast of Manikaran, H.P. Journal of Geololgical Society of India 20, 90–94.
Bhanot, V.B., Kwatra, S.K., Kansal, A.K., Pandey, B. K., 1978. Rb–Sr whole rock age for Chail Series of Northwestern Himalaya. Journal of Geological Society of India 19, 224–227.
Bhanot, V. B., Singh, V. P., Kansal, A. K., Thakur, V. C., 1977. Early Proterozoic Rb–Sr whole rock age for Central Crystalline gneiss of Higher Himalaya, Kumaun. Geological Society of India, 18, 90–91.
Frank, W., Thoni, M., Purtscheller, F., 1977. Geology and petrography of Kulu-South Lahul area. Colloquium International Center for Natural Research Sciences 33, 147–172.
Fusch, G., Sinha, A.K., 1978. The tectonics of the Garhwal-Kumaun lesser Himalaya-Jb.Geol.B-A, 121 (2), 219-241, Wein.
Gansser, A., 1993. Facts and theories on the Himalayas. Jour. Geol. Soc. India 41, 487-508.
Gansser, A., 1964. Geology of the Himalayas. Wiley Inter Science, New York, 289.
Heim, A., Gansser, A., 1939. Central Himalaya, Geological observations of Swiss expedition 1936. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat., 73, 245.
Islam, R., Ahmad, T., Khanna, P.P., 2005. An overview on the granitoids of the NW Himalaya. Himalayan Geology 26 (1), 49-60.
Kwatra, S.K., Bhanot, V.B., Kakar, R.K., Kansal, A.K., 1986. Rb–Sr radiometric ages of the Wangtu Gneissic Complex, Kinnaur district, Higher Himachal Himalaya. Bulletin of Indian Geologists’ Association 19, 127–130.
McDonough, W.F., Sun, S.-S., 1995. Composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, 223-253. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.
Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994. Naming Materials in the Magma Igneous System. Earth-Science Review 37, 215–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
Miller, C., Klotzli, U., Frank, W., Thoni, M., Grasemann, B., 2000. Proterozoic crustal evolution in the NW Himalaya (India) as recorded by circa 1.80 Ga mafic and 1.84 Ga granitic magmatism. Precambrian Research 103, 191–206.
Negi, S. S., Sinha, A. K., Pandey, B. K., 1980. “A Preliminary Report on the Geology and Structure of the Rudraprayag- Tilwara-Mayali Area of Garhwal Himalaya,” Himalayan Geology 10, 211-219
O’Connor, J.T., 1965. A classification for quartz-rich igneous rocks based on feldspar ratios. US Geological Survey Professional Paper B 525, 79–84.
Pandey, B. K., Singh, V. P., Bhanot, V. B., Mehta, P.K., 1981. Rb–Sr geochronological studies of the gneissic rocks of the Ranikhet and Masi area of Almora Crystallines, Lesser Himalaya, Kumaun, U.P. Abstract Himalayan Geology 12th Seminar.
Paul, D. K., Mcnaughton, N. J., Chatopadya, S., Ray, K. K., 1996. Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Lingtse Gneiss, Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya: revisited. Journal of Geological Society of India 48, 497–506.
Patriat, P., Achache, J., 1984, India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanisms of plates. Nature 311, 615–621.
Pearce, J. A., Harris, N.W., Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Petrology 25, 956-983. doi:10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S.R., 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamona area, northern Turkey. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745
Phukon, P., Sen, K., Srivastava, H.B., Singhal, S., Sen, A., 2018. U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry from the Kumaun Himalaya, NW India, reveal Paleoproterozoic arc magmatism related to formation of the Columbia supercontinent, Geological Society of America, https:// doi .org /10 .1130 /B31866 .1
Powell, C., McA., Crawford, A.R., Armstong, R.L., Prakash, R., Wynne-Edwards, H.R., 1979. Reconnaissance Rb–Sr dates for the Himalayan Central Gneiss, Northwest India. Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 6, 139–151.
Raju, B.N.V., Chabria, T., Prasad, R.N., Mahadevan, T.M., Bhalla, N.S., 1982. Early Proterozoic Rb–Sr isochron age for Central Crystalline, Bhilangana valley, Garhwal Himalaya. Himalayan Geology, 12, 196–205.
Rao, D.R., Sharma, K.K., Gopalan, K., 1995. Granitoid rock of Wangtu Gnessic Complex, Himachal Pradesh: an example of in situ fractional crystallization and volatile action. Journal of Geological Society of India 46, 5–14.
Rao, P.S., 1998. Kameng Orogeny, 1.8–1.9 Ga. from the isotopic evidence of the Bomdila orthogneisses, Kameng Sector, NEFA, India. Geological Bulletin, University of Peshawar, 31, 159–162.
Saklani, P.S., 1993. Geology of the Lower Himalaya (Garhwal). International Books and Periodicals Supply Service, New Delhi, 246.
Saklani, P.S., Nainwal, D.C., Singh, V.K., 1991. Geometry of the composite Main Central Thrust (MCT) in Yamuna valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh., 1991, 364-380.
Shand, S.J., 1943. Eruptive Rocks. Their Genesis Composition. Classification, and Their Relation to Ore-Deposits with a Chapter on Meteorite. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Singh, S., Claesson, S., Jain, A.K., Sjoberg, H., Gee, D.G. Manickavasagam, R.M., Andreasson, P.G., 1994. Geochemistry of the Proterozoic peraluminous granitoids from the Higher Himalayan Crystalline, HHC and Jutogh Nappe, Himachal Pradesh, India. (Abstract volume) Journal of Geological Society of Nepal 10, 125.
Singh, S., Jain, A.K., Barley, M.E., 2009. SHRIMP U-Pb ~1860 Ma anorogenic magmatic signatures from NW Himalaya: implications for Paleoproterozoic assembly. In: Reddy, S.M., Mazumdar, R., Evans, D.A.D. & Collins, A.S. (eds.) Paleoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution. The Geological Society London, Special Publicaltion 323, 283-300. doi: 10.1144/SP323.14
Singh, V.P., Bhanot, V.B., Singh, R.P., 1985. Geochronology of the granitic and gneissic rocks from Munsiari, Namik and Tawaghat areas of the Central Crystalline Zone, Kumaun Himalaya, U.P. 3rd National Symposium on Mass Spectrometry, Hyderabad, September 22–24
Singh, V.P., Singh, R.P., Bhanot, V.B., 1986. Rb–Sr isotopic studies for the granitic and gneissic rocks of Almora area of Almora Crystallines, Kumaun Himalaya, U.P. 4th National Symposium on Mass Spectrometry, Bangalore, EPS-1, 1–4.
Singh, V.K., 2011. Structural and Metamorphic evolution of the rocks of the Garhwal Himalaya: possible linkage with Bundelkhand craton, India. Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference Precambrian Continental Growth and Tectonism (Editors: V.K. Singh & Ram Chandra), 20-35.
Singh, V.K., Slabunov, A., 2015. The Central Bundelkhand Archaean greenstone complex, Bundelkhand craton, central India: geology, composition, and geochronology of supracrustal rocks. International Geology Review 57, 1349- 1364.
Singh, V.K., Singh, S.P., Saklani, P.S., Dubey, C.S., 1998. Mesostructures and deformational history of the Central Crystallines: an example from Garhwal Himalaya, India. J. Nepal Geol. Soc., 17, 59-69.
Sinha, A.K., 1989. Geology of the Higher Central Himalaya. John Wily & Sons, 219.
Slabunov, A.I., Singh, V.K., 2018. Meso–Neoarchaean crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton, Indian Shield: new data from greenstone belts. International Geology Review, doi:10.1080/00206814.2018.1512906.
Slabunov, A.I., Singh, V.K., Shchiptsov, V.V., Lepekhina E. N., Kevlich V.I., 2017. A new Palaeoproterozoic (1.9-1.8 Ga) event in the crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton, India: the results of (SHRIMP) Dating of zircons from giant quartz veins. In: Slabunov, A.I., Svetov, S.A., and Baltibaev, Sh.K. (eds.), Early Precambrian vs Modern Geodynamics. Extended Abstracts and Field Trips Guide. Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS, 239-241.
Svetov, S.A., Stepanova, A.V., Chazhengina, S.Y., Svetova, E.N., Rybnikova, Z.P., Mikhailova, A.I., Paramonov, A.S., Utitsyna, V.L., Ekhova, M.V., Kolodey, B.S., 2015, Precision geochemical (ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS) analysis of rock and mineral composition: the method and accuracy estimation in the case study of Early Precambrian mafic complexes. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre RAS. No 7. Precambrian Geology Series 54–73. doi: 10.17076/geo140
Thakur, V.C., 1992 Geology of western Himalaya, Pergamon Press Ltd., London, 355.
Trivedi, J.R., Gopalan, K., Valdiya, K.S., 1984. Rb–Sr ages of granitic rocks within the Lesser Himalayan nappes, Kumaun, India. Journal of Geological Society of India 25, 641–653.
Valdiya, K.S., 1980. Geology of the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, 291.
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