Neoarchean crustal shear zones and implications of shear indicators in tectonic evolution of Bundelkhand craton, central India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.2-2.2125Keywords:
shear indicators, microstructures, crustal shear zone, Bundelkhand craton, central IndiaAbstract
The gneisses and granitoids emplaced along E-W sub-vertical crustal shear zones are represented as important tectonic units in Bundelkhand craton of central India. The tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneisses (3.5-3.2 Ga; oldest unit), and streaky to mafic gneisses structurally deformed in D 1 deformation. The metabasic, felsic, banded iron formation and metasedimentaries of greenstone complex exposed in central part, have characteristics of three sets of folding (F 1 -F 3 ). These gneisses associated with migmatite, amphibolite, quartzite, and schist were evolved in D 2 compressive phase, which are not occurring in northern part of craton. The K-rich Neoarchean granitoids (2.6-2.49 Ga) were intruded as granitic complex (D 3 magmatic phase) and the E-W strike-slip Raksa-Garhmau shear zone reported as important tectonic unit, were evolved in a
syn-to post-tectonic D 3 phase. The dolerite dykes (ca. 2.0 Ga) were emplaced along NW-SE fractures in extension setting during D 4 magmatic event. The NE-SW riedel shears occupied by giant quartz veins (reefs) evolved in Paleoproterozoic during D 5 endogenic activity.
The relationship between macro and microstructural fabrics has been documented within mylonitic foliation, stretching lineation, S-C planes and rotated fabrics, reflect mesoscopic shear indicators, as noted in three types of mylonitic rocks. i) The rotated porphyroclasts of quartz, feldspars and asymmetric pressure shadows showing strong undulose extinction, deformation lamellae, and dynamic recrystallization are characteristic features of protomylonite where altered orthoclase and kinked plagioclase are noticed. ii) Mylonite, a distinct mylonitic foliation represented by parallel orientation of elongated quartz and feldspar with flakes of mica. iii) The ground matrix of recrystallized quartz with few protoliths of quartz and feldspar are observed, important features of ultramylonite. The asymmetric microstructures viz. σa and σb mantled porphyroclasts, other
microstructures show progressively deformed by crystal plastic (non-coaxial) strain softening under low to moderate temperature conditions. The sinistral top- to- SW sense of shear movement was dominant. The microfractures/ microfaults, kinking and pull apart structures observed in K- feldspars and are indicative of overprinting of brittle deformation on ductile shearing.
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References
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from the Bundelkhand Craton, northern India. Precambrian Research, V. 255, pp. 236–244.
Kaur, P., Zeh, A., Chaudhri, N., and Eliyas, N., 2016. Unravelling the record of Archaean crustal evolution of the
Bundelkhand Craton, northern India using U–Pb zircon–monazite ages, Lu–Hf isotope systematics, and
whole-rock geochemistry of granitoids. Precambrian Research, V. 281, pp. 384–413.
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Craton: Constrains from Whole Rock Geochemistry and U-Pb SHRIMP Zircon Chronology, in Singh, V.K.,
and Chandra, R., eds., International Association for Gondwana Research Conference Series No. 16, 3rd
Internat. Conf. Precambrian Continental Growth and Tectonism, Jhansi, p. 89–90.
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Alpine obduction in Corsica: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 3, p. 401-409.
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India: Recent Researches in Geology; Vol.2, Hindustan Publishing, Corporation, New Delhi P. 311-346.
Mondal, M.E.A., Goswami, J.N., Deomurari, M.P., and Sharma, K.K., 2002. Ion microprobe 207Pb/206/Pb ages
of zircon from the Bundelkhand massif, northern India: implication for crustal evolution of Bundelkhand -
Aravalli protocontinent: Precambrian Research, v. 117, p. 85-100.
Passchier, C.W., 1991. Geometric constraints on the development of shear bands in rocks: Geologie en
Mijnbouw, v.70, p. 203-211.
Passchier, C.W., and Simpson, C., 1986, Porphyroclast systems as kinematic indicators: Journal of Structural
Geology, v. 8, p. 831-843.
Passchier, C.W., and Trouw, R.A.J., 2005. Microtectonics: Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 366p.
Pati, J.K., Jourdan, F., Armstrong, R.A., Reimold, W.U., and Prakash, K., 2010. First SHRIMP U-Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar
chronological results from impact melt breccia from the Paleoproterozoic Dhala impact structure, India, in
Gibson, R.L., and Reimold, W.U., eds., Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV: Geological
Society of America Special Paper 465, p. 571–591.
Pati, J.K., Panigrahi, M.K., and Chakarborty, M., 2014. Granite-hosted molybdenite mineralization from Archean
Bundelkhand craton-molybdenite characterization, host rock mineralogy, petrology, and fluid inclusion
characteristics of Mo-bearing quartz: J. Earth Syst. Sci., v. 123, p. 943–958.
Pati, J.K., Patel, S.C., Pruseth, K.L., Malviya, V.P., Arima, M., Raju, S., Pati, P., and Prakash, K., 2007. Geology
and geochemistry of giant quartz veins from the Bundelkhand craton, central India and their implications:
Journal of Earth System Science, v. 116, p. 497-510.
Patil, S., Nishad, R.K., Seena, M.S., Singh, V.K., 2007. Palaeomagnetic, rock magnetic and low field AMS
investigations on the Proterozoic dykes of Bundelkhand Craton: constraints on their age and mode of
emplacement mechanism, in International Association of Geodesy, IUGG General Assembly, July 2-13, 2007,
Perugia, Itlay, ASI003; 3053.
Prakash, R., Singh, J.N., and Saxena, P.N., 1975. Geology and mineralization in the southern parts of
Bundelkhand in Lalitpur dist., U.P.: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 16, p. 143-156.
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