Original Research Articles

1. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies

Investigations examining the effects of interventions, treatments, teaching strategies, learning media, or experimental conditions using appropriate comparison groups or measurement procedures.

2. Observational and Correlational Studies

Studies examining relationships, associations, patterns, or differences among biological, behavioral, educational, or environmental variables.

3. Biological Laboratory and Field Research

Original laboratory, field-based, ecological, experimental, or other empirical investigations in biological sciences that fall within BaEJ's focus and scope.

4. Biology Education Research

Studies of biology teaching and learning, scientific literacy, conceptual understanding, student achievement, teacher practices, assessment, and learning environments.

5. Research and Development (R&D)

Studies involving the systematic development, validation, and evaluation of educational models, instructional materials, digital learning media, or other relevant innovations.

6. Instrument Development and Validation

Research developing, adapting, or validating measurement instruments, assessment tools, questionnaires, or other methods relevant to biology and education.

7. Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Studies

Research using interviews, observations, document analysis, focus groups, or integrated qualitative and quantitative methods to address relevant research questions.

Review Articles

1. Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

A structured review addressing a specific research question through predefined search strategies, eligibility criteria, study selection, critical appraisal where appropriate, and systematic synthesis.

2. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A systematic review that, where data and study comparability permit, combines quantitative results using appropriate statistical methods to estimate overall effects or relationships.

3. Scoping Review

Maps the extent, range, characteristics, and distribution of available evidence on a topic, clarifying key concepts and identifying gaps in the literature.

4. Bibliometric Analysis

Analyzes publication patterns, citation structures, influential authors, institutions, collaboration networks, and emerging research themes using bibliographic data.

5. Integrative Review

Integrates findings from diverse research designs to develop a broader understanding of a research problem, concept, or field of study.

6. Critical and Narrative Review

Critically discusses and interprets existing literature to examine theoretical developments, competing perspectives, research limitations, and implications for future scholarship.