Homosexuality Arguments According To The American Psychological And Psychiatric Association: An Islamic Prespective Analysis Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/al-hikmah:jaip.2023.vol20(1).11048Keywords:
Homoseksual, Kredibel, Bukti Ilmiah, Mental DisorderAbstract
Homoseksual adalah bentuk ketertarikan terhadap individu yang berjenis kelamin sama, baik secara perasaan ataupun secara erotik, dengan atau tidak melibatkan hubungan fisik. American Psychiatric Association dan American Psychological Association sebagai organisasi besar yang kredibel telah mengeluarkan penelitian-penelitian yang menjadi bukti-bukti ilmiah yang mendukung klaim mereka bahwa homoseksual bukanlah mental disorders. Makalah ini akan memaparkan point-point bukti ilmiah yang dikeluarkan dua organisasi besar ini dan menganalisisnya dengan tujuan untuk membuktikan apakah klaim tentang homoseksualitas bukanlah bagian dari mental disorder. Lalu akan dibahas juga bagaimana pandangan islam terhadap homoseksual. Penelitian ini berbentuk kualitatif yang berjenis library research dan metode yang digunakan adalah diskriptif-analisis. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan adalah Pertama, penulis menemukan adanya kerancuan argumen dan kebijakan para Psikolog professional yang tergabung dalam dua organisasi besar Amerika tentang Homoseksual yang sebelumnya merupakan abnormal menjadi normal. Kedua, perubahan tersebut tentu dipengaruhi dengan nilai-nilai yang berkembang dalam worldview Barat, seperti “ever shifting” yang selalu berubah-rubah. Ketiga, beberapa argumen yang dibangun oleh para pendukung homoseksualitas atas kenormalannya tentu bertentangan dengan cara pandang Islam (Worldview of Islam).
Downloads
References
Abdul Mujib. (1999). Fitrah dan Kepribadian Islam: Sebuah Pendekatan Psikologis. Jakarta: Darul Falah. Retrieved from http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/52333.
Adian Husaini. (2015). LGBT di Indonesia: Perkembangan dan Solusinya. Jakarta Selatan: INSIST.
Adrian Room. (n.d.). A Dictionary of True Etymologies. London: Routledge Kegan & Paul.
Ahmad Musthafa Al-Maraghi. (1946). Tafsir Al-Maraghi (Vol. XXVII). Cairo: yirkah Mustafa Bab al-Halabi wa Abnah.
Al-Asfahani, A.-H. bin M. bin M. A. al-Q. al-R. (1412). al-Mufradāt fī Garīb al-Qur’ān (Vol. I). Damaskus: Dar al-’Ilm.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1995). Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam: An Exposition of the Fundamental Element of the World View of Islam. Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (2010). Islam dan Sekularisme. Bandung: PIMPIN.
Al-Jauziyah, M. bin A. B. A. az-Z. A. A. I. Q. (1975). Ighatsah al-Luhfan (Vol. I). Beirut: Dar al-Ma’arif.
Alfred C. Kinsey, et. al. (1975). Sexual Behavior in The Human Male. USA: Indiana University Press.
American Psychiatric Association. (1973). Homosexuality and sexual orientation disturbance : proposed change in DSM-II, 6th printing. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.
APA’s Vision, Mission, Values, and Goals. (n.d.). . Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/about-apa/vision-mission-values-goals.
Association, A. P. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (I.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association Mental Hospital Service.
Association, A. P. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (II.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association Mental Hospital Service.
Association, A. P. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (Third.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
Association, A. P. (1996). Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
Ayub, A. (2017). Penyimpangan Orientasi Seksual (Kajian Psikologis dan Teologis). Tasfiyah, 1(2), 179. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tasfiyah/article/view/1851.
Baharuddin. (2005). Aktualisasi Psikologi Islam. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Blom, R. M., Hennekam, R. C., & Denys, D. (2012). Body Integrity Identity Disorder. (B. J. Harrison, Ed.)PLoS ONE, 7(4), e34702. Retrieved from https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034702.
Brugger, P., Lenggenhager, B., & Giummarra, M. J. (2013). Xenomelia: A Social Neuroscience View of Altered Bodily Self-Consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. Retrieved from http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00204/abstract
Carole Wade & Carol Tavris. (2007). Psikologi. Jakarta: Erlangga.
David A. Statt. (2003). A Student’s Dictionary of Psychology. New York: Psychology Press.
Gonsiorek, J. (1991). The Empirical Basis for the Demise of the Illness Model of Homosexuality. Homosexuality: Research Implications for Public Policy (pp. 115–136). 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://sk.sagepub.com/books/homosexuality/n8.xml
Hawari, D. (2009). Pendekatan psikoreligi pada homoseksual. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI.
Hilti, L. M., Hänggi, J., Vitacco, D. A., Kraemer, B., Palla, A., Luechinger, R., Jäncke, L., et al. (2013). The desire for healthy limb amputation: structural brain correlates and clinical features of xenomelia. Brain, 136(1), 318–329. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/brain/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/brain/aws316.
Husein Muhammad, Musdah Mulia, Marzuki Wahid. (n.d.). Fiqh Seksualitas; Risalah Islam Untuk Pemenuhan Hak-hak Seksualitas (ISBN : 978.).
JoAnne Myers. (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage. USA: Scarecrow Press.
Judith M. Glassgold, et. a. (2009). Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Khairani, A., & Saefudin, D. (2018). Homoseksual Berdasarkan Pandangan Psikologi Islam. Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 114. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php/TADIBUNA/article/view/1356.
Kinney, R. L. (2015). Homosexuality and Scientific Evidence: On Suspect Anecdotes, Antiquated Data, and Broad Generalizations. The Linacre Quarterly, 82(4), 364–390. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1179/2050854915Y.0000000002.
Klonsky, E. D. (2007). Non-suicidal self-injury: An introduction. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1039–1043. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.20411.
Levay Simon. (2011). Gay, Straight, and the Reason why: The Science of Sexual Orientation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Louwis Ma’luf Al-Yassu’. (2002). Al-Munjid fi al-lughah wa al-alam. Beirut: Dar al-Masyriq.
Lubis, L. T., Sati, L., Adhinda, N. N., Yulianirta, H., & Hidayat, B. (2019). Peningkatan Kesehatan Mental Anak dan Remaja Melalui Ibadah Keislaman. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan, 16(2), 120–129. Retrieved from https://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/3898.
Madyawati, L., Marhumah, M., & Rafiq, A. (2021). Urgensi Nilai Agama Pada Moral Anak di Era Society 5.0. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Agama dan Ilmu Pengetahuan, 18(2), 132–143. Retrieved from https://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/alhikmah/article/view/6781.
Mohamed, Y. (1995). Fitrah and Its Bearing on the Principles of Psychology. American Journal of Islam and Society, 12(1), 1–18. Retrieved from https://www.ajis.org/index.php/ajiss/article/view/2402.
Munawwir, A. W. (1997). Kamus al-munawwir Arab-Indonesia. Surabaya: Pustaka Progresif.
Musda Mulia. (n.d.). Allah Hanya Melihat Takwa, Bukan Orientasi Seksual Manusia. Retrieved November 17, 2019, from https://www.jurnalperempuan.org/character-feminis/siti-musdah-mulia-allah-only-melihat-takwa-bukan-orientasi-sexual-human.
Nicolosi, J. (2001). The Removal of Homosexuality from the Psychiatric Manual. Catholic Social Science Review, 6, 71–77. Retrieved from http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=cssr_2001_0006_0071_0077&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection.
Paul M. Smith, E. al. (2007). Application For Leave to File Brief Amici Curiae in Support of Parties Challenging The Marriage Exclusion. In The Supreme Court of The State of California In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365. Washington: American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from According To The American Psychological Association And American Psychiatric.
Paul, S. (2012). the Natural Law, and Contemporary Legal Theory. ( and M. V. Jane Adolphe, Robert Fastiggi, Ed.). Washington: Lexington Books.
Petrinovich, L. F. (2000). The cannibal within. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Purcell, D. W., Johnson, C. H., Lansky, A., Prejean, J., Stein, R., Denning, P., Gau1, Z., et al. (2012). Estimating the Population Size of Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States to Obtain HIV and Syphilis Rates§. The Open AIDS Journal, 6(1), 98–107. Retrieved from https://openaidsjournal.com/VOLUME/6/PAGE/98/.
Richard von Krafft-Ebing. (1894). Psychopathia Sexualis With Special Reference To Contrary Sexual Instinct. A Medico Legal Study. Philadelphia: F A Davis Company.
Robert E. Hales, et. all. (2014). The American Psychiantric Publishing Textbook of Psychiantary-DSM-V (Sixth Edit.). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Rokhmansyah, A. (2016). Pengantar Gender dan Feminisme: Pemahaman Awal Kritik Sastra Feminisme. Yogyakarta: Garadhawaca.
Ronald Bayer. (1981). Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis. New York: Basic Books.
Sari Nur Azizah. (2013). Konsep Diri Homoseksual Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Di Kota Semarang (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Homoseksual di Kawasan Simpanglima Semarang). Journal of Nonformal Education and Community Empowermen, 2(2).
Shalahuddin, H., Badi’, S., & Ash-Shufi, C. G. F. (2021). A Critical Study of Mukhannath’s Law as a Homosexual Argumentation. Media Syari’ah : Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 23(2). Retrieved from https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/medsyar/article/view/10340.
Sigmund Freud. (1960). Anonymous (Letter to an American Mother). The Letters of Sigmund Freud. New York: Basic Books.
Spitzer, R. L., & Wakefield, J. C. (1999). DSM-IV Diagnostic Criterion for Clinical Significance: Does It Help Solve the False Positives Problem? American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(12), 1856–1864. Retrieved from http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.156.12.1856.
De Vleminck, J. (2017). Sadism and Masochism on the Procrustean Bed of Hysteria: From Psychopathia Sexualis to Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Psychoanalysis and History, 19(3), 379–406. Retrieved from https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/pah.2017.0232.
Walsh, R. T. G., Teo, T., & Baydala, A. (2014). A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/critical-history-and-philosophy-of-psychology/B25DBE08FE6578883203C74824AE8017#contents.
ZAINI, H. (2017). LGBT Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 15(1), 65. Retrieved from http://ecampus.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/Juris/article/view/489.
Zilfstra, I. (2014). The Turbulent Evolution of Homosexuality: From Mental Illness To Sexual Preference. Social Cosmos, 5(1).
