Kinaesthetic perception and spike performance in volleyball: A correlational analysis
Keywords:
Kinesthetic perception, spike performance, volleyball, proprioception, sensorimotor integrationAbstract
Background: Despite extensive research on biomechanical determinants of spike performance, evidence linking perceptual–kinaesthetic abilities to sport-specific execution remains limited. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between kinaesthetic perception and spike performance in volleyball. Methods: A correlational design was used with 40 male physical education students (non-elite players). Kinaesthetic perception was assessed using the Kinaesthetic Obstacle Test (KOT), and spike performance was evaluated through an on-court accuracy test. Pearson’s correlation was applied. Results: A significant positive relationship was found between kinaesthetic perception and spike performance (r = 0.614, p < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (r² = 0.377) indicates that kinaesthetic perception accounts for 37.7% of the variance in performance. Conclusion: Kinaesthetic perception is meaningfully related to spike performance, supporting its role in perceptual-motor integration during complex open skills. However, performance is multifactorial, and findings are limited to a non-elite sample. Future studies should incorporate additional physical and perceptual variables and employ designs that allow stronger inference.
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Author Biographies
Rola Angga Lardika, Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Singha Tulyakul, Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Thaksin University, Songkhla, Thailand
Agus Sulastio, Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Rusmanto, Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
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Accepted 2026-05-18
Published 2026-06-15
