LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST FORGERY OF LAND OWNERSHIP HISTORY CERTIFICATES FROM A CRIMINOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The Land Ownership History Certificate (SKRKT) is a fundamental document in Indonesia's land administration
system, serving as preliminary proof of ownership prior to the issuance of a certificate. This study aims to analyze
the legal protection against SKRKT forgery in Riau from a criminological perspective and the criminological
factors that encourage SKRKT forgery based on the Pelalawan District Court Decision Number
285/Pid.B/2021/PN Plw. The researcher used a normative empirical legal research method with a descriptive
qualitative approach, such as laws and regulations, court decisions, and legal literature related to the crime of
forging land ownership history certificates. This approach was chosen to provide an overview of the legal
protection against forgery of land ownership certificates from a criminological perspective. The results of the
study show that existing legal protection is not yet fully effective, where law enf orcement is still often hampered
and it is difficult to prove the motive and land mafia, especially in cases of forgery in the Pelalawan District Court
Decision Number 285/Pid.B/2021/PN Plw. The criminological factor driving this is the economic factor,
supported by the weak land administration system at the village/sub-district level and the lack of social control
over local authorities. The opportunity factor is dominant because SKRKT is a document that is easy to
manipulate. Effective legal protection must be dualistic: (1) Repressive: Strengthening the enforcement of forgery
offenses with an emphasis on eradicating organized crime (land mafia), and (2) Criminological Prevention: Total
digitization and integration of SKRKT data into the BPN system to minimize opportunities for forgery, as well as
increased supervision and integrity of officials authorized to issue initial land ownership documents