PENGARUH KOLKISIN TERHADAP KARAKTER FENOTIP DAN POLIPLOIDISASI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Abstract

The research titled "The Effect of Colchicine on the Phenotypic Characteristics and Polyploidization of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)" aimed to determine the impact of colchicine on the phenotypic characteristics and polyploidization of shallots. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden, Basic Laboratory, and Fisheries Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Riau, located on Kaharuddin Nasution Street Km. 11, No. 113, Air Dingin Village, Bukit Raya District, Pekanbaru City. The research took place over four months, from December 2023 to March 2024. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a non-factorial approach, focusing on the treatment factor of colchicine concentration. The treatment concentrations included no colchicine, 1600 ppm, 3200 ppm, 4800 ppm, and 6400 ppm. The observed parameters were plant survival percentage, phenotypic characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, harvest age, number of bulbs per clump, wet weight of bulbs per clump, dry weight of bulbs per clump, morphological variation), stomata, and chromosomes. The observation data were statistically analyzed and followed by an Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level. The results indicated that colchicine affected the survival percentage and phenotypic characteristics of shallots, including leaf morphology, number of leaves, wet weight of bulbs per clump, and dry weight of bulbs per clump, but did not affect plant height, harvest age, or the number of bulbs per clump. Colchicine influenced the polyploidization of shallots, which was related to stomatal length, chromosome number, but did not affect stomatal density or width in shallots. The best treatment was found at a dose of 3200 ppm. Colchicine induced polyploidy in shallots, with chromosomal changes occurring as both euploid and aneuploid. Triploid chromosomes in shallots were observed at a concentration of 3200 ppm.