Subtitusi Pupuk Anorganik dengan Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadap Hasil dan Mutu Benih Jagung Hibrida
Subtitution of Inorganic Fertilizer with Cattle Manure on the Yield and Seed Quality on Hybrid Maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/dp.2026.vol42(2).29483Keywords:
cattle manure, hybrid maize, inorganic fertilizer, seed quality, vegetative growthAbstract
Background: Optimizing the inorganic–organic fertilizer balance is key to sustainable maize seed production that maintains yield and quality. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different proportions of inorganic fertilizer and cattle manure on vegetative growth, yield components, grain yield, and physiological seed quality of hybrid maize. Methods: A nonfactorial RCBD with six treatments (B0 = 100% inorganic, B1 = 80% inorganic + 20% manure, B2 = 60% + 40%, B3 = 40% + 60%, B4 = 20% + 80%, B5 = 100% manure) was used, replicated four times. Data on plant height, leaf traits, ear components, grain yield, and seed quality (germination, vigor, 1000seed weight) were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at 5% Result: Fertilizer proportions significantly affected plant height, leaf number, ear number, and ear length, but not leaf dimensions, ear diameter, kernel rows, or seed quality. B2 produced the tallest plants (77.3 cm) and most leaves (8.60), while B3 produced the most ears (1.35). Germination (96.0–98.1%) and vigor (95.7–99.6%) exceeded certified standards. Conclution: Balanced combinations (40–60% inorganic + 40–60% manure) enhance vegetative growth and yield without compromising seed quality. Partial or complete replacement of inorganic fertilizer with cattle manure is feasible for sustainable maize seed production, maintaining certified seed standards while reducing synthetic input reliance
Downloads
References
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2025. Luas Panen, Produksi, dan Produktivitas Jagung Menurut Provinsi, 2024.
Chen, X., Li, Z., Zhao, H., Li, Y., Wei, J., Ma, L., Zheng, F., & Tan, D. 2024. Enhancing maize yield and nutrient utilization through improved soil quality under reduced fertilizer use: The efficacy of organic–inorganic compound fertilizer. Agriculture (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091482
Donovan, T. C., Comas, L. H., Schneekloth, J., & Schipanski, M. 2025. Nitrogen and water availability affect soil nitrogen mineralization and maize nitrogen uptake dynamics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 130(3), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-025-10406-8
Erenstein, O., Jaleta, M., Sonder, K., Mottaleb, K., & Prasanna, B. M. 2022. Global maize production, consumption and trade: Trends and R&D implications. Food Security, 14(5), 1295–1319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01288-7
Geisseler, D., Smith, R., Cahn, M., & Muramoto, J. 2021. Nitrogen mineralization from organic fertilizers and composts: Literature survey and model fitting. Journal of Environmental Quality, 50(6), 1325–1338. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20295
Greff, B., Szigeti, J., Nagy, Á., Lakatos, E., & Varga, L. 2022. Influence of microbial inoculants on co-composting of lignocellulosic crop residues with farm animal manure: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 302, 114088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114088
Hartmann, M., & Six, J. 2023. Soil structure and microbiome functions in agroecosystems. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00366-w
Imran. 2024. Integration of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizer, improve maize-wheat system productivity and soil nutrients. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 47(15), 2494–2510. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2024.2354190
ISTA. 2026. International Rules for Seed Testing. https://www.seedtest.org/en/publications/international-rules-seed-testing.html
Liu, Z., Wang, S., Xue, B., Li, R., Geng, Y., Yang, T., Li, Y., Dong, H., Luo, Z., Tao, W., Gu, J., & Wang, Y. 2021. Emergy-based indicators of the environmental impacts and driving forces of non-point source pollution from crop production in China. Ecological Indicators, 121, 107023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107023
Lorinanggarani, R. H., Arifin, Z., Bustan, B., Kusnarta, I. G. M., & Suriadi, A. 2024. Serapan P dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) dengan pemberian beberapa jenis dan kombinasi bahan organik pada sistem irigasi tetes. Agroteksos, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v34i1.1038
Nurmalasari, A. I., Supriyono, S., Linda, F., & Sukaya, S. 2024. Analysis of sweet corn growth and yield with the use of organic cow manure fertilizer. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 9(3), 173. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.94315
Paramesh, V., Mohan Kumar, R., Rajanna, G. A., Gowda, S., Nath, A. J., Madival, Y., Jinger, D., Bhat, S., & Toraskar, S. 2023. Integrated nutrient management for improving crop yields, soil properties, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1173258.https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1173258
Pei, Y., Chen, X., Niu, Z., Su, X., Wang, Y., & Wang, X. 2023. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer substitution by cow manure on yield, net GHG emissions, carbon and nitrogen footprints in sweet maize farmland in the Pearl River Delta in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 399, 136676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136676
Ren, F., Sun, N., Xu, M., Zhang, X., Wu, L., & Xu, M. 2019. Changes in soil microbial biomass with manure application in cropping systems: A meta-analysis. Soil and Tillage Research, 194, 104291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.06.008
Shiferaw, B., Prasanna, B. M., Hellin, J., & Bänziger, M. 2011. Crops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security. Food Security, 3(3), 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0140-5
Sondang, Y., Wulantika, T., Hardaningsih, W., Fitri, F., Wahono, S., Ariliusra, A., & Harnas, H. 2024. The efektivitas pemberian kompos KoheA+MF dan pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi benih jagung hibrida JH-37. Agroteknika, 7(4), 630–641. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v7i4.454
Tiah, F. S., Msuya, D. G., Nassary, E. K., & Tryphone, G. M. 2026. Maize seed quality attributes: Exploring genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors for sustainable improvement – A systematic review. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 25, 102623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102623
Vanlauwe, B., Descheemaeker, K., Giller, K. E., Huising, J., Merckx, R., Nziguheba, G., Wendt, J., & Zingore, S. 2015. Integrated soil fertility management in sub-Saharan Africa: Unravelling local adaptation. SOIL, 1(1), 491–508. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-491-2015
Xie, L., Li, L., Xie, J., Wang, J., Mumtaz, M. Z., Effah, Z., Fudjoe, S. K., Khaskheli, M. A., Luo, Z., & Li, L. 2024. Optimal substitution of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendment sustains rainfed maize production and decreases soil N₂O emissions by modifying denitrifying bacterial communities in Northern China. European Journal of Agronomy, 160, 127287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127287
Xing, M., Long, Y., Wang, Q., Tian, X., Fan, S., Zhang, C., & Huang, W. 2023. Physiological alterations and nondestructive test methods of crop seed vigor: A comprehensive review. Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(3), 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030527
Yigermal, H., Nakachew, K., & Assefa, F. 2019. Effects of integrated nutrient application on phenological, vegetative growth and yield-related parameters of maize in Ethiopia: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5(1), 1567998. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1567998
Zhu, Y., Archontoulis, S. V., & Castellano, M. J. 2025. Quantifying the timing asynchrony between soil nitrogen availability and maize nitrogen uptake. Plant and Soil, 513(2), 2939–2954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07352-3
