The Relationship Between Islamic Piety, Maternal Age, Income, and Well-Being Among Working Mothers of Children With Special Needs

Ikhwanisifa Ikhwanisifa; Rita Susanti; Anggia Kargenti Evanurul Marettih; Alucyana Alucyana

doi:10.25299/ajaip.2026.vol23(2).30493

Authors

Ikhwanisifa Ikhwanisifa Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
Rita Susanti Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
Anggia Kargenti Evanurul Marettih Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
Alucyana Alucyana Universitas Islam Riau, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25299/ajaip.2026.vol23(2).30493

Keywords:

Well-being, Taqwa, Socioeconomic Status, Mother, Neurodevelopmental

Abstract

Mothers of children with special needs are particularly in need of well-being, as raising children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) can be challenging due to their difficulties with independent daily activities and challenging behaviors. Therefore, identifying factors that may enhance maternal well-being is essential. Previous studies have highlighted Islamic piety (Maham & Bhatti, 2019a), family socioeconomic status (SES) (Nahar et al., 2022; W. Zhou et al., 2019), older maternal age, and lower family income as relevant factors. Spearman’s rho analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between taqwa and well-being ((p < 0.001), (r = 0.816)), indicating that higher levels of taqwa are associated with higher well-being among mothers of children with NDDs. Demographic analysis also showed significant negative correlations between maternal age and well-being ((p < 0.001), (r = -0.477)) and between income and well-being ((p < 0.001), (r = -0.406)). These findings suggest that younger mothers reported higher well-being, while mothers with higher incomes reported lower well-being. Overall, taqwa emerges as a potentially important spiritual resource associated with maternal well-being, particularly among younger mothers and those from lower-income backgrounds.

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