Pemikiran Psikologis dan Terapinya Menurut Abubakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya Al-Razi (854-925 M)

Aryani Pamukti; Achmad Khudori  Soleh

doi:10.25299/ajaip.2025.vol22(1).16641

Authors

Aryani Pamukti Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
Achmad Khudori Soleh Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25299/ajaip.2025.vol22(1).16641

Keywords:

Psychological Thinking, Zakaria Al-Razi, Rhazes

Abstract

The psychological thoughts of Abubakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya Al - Razi (854-925 AD) were very important in the development of psychology because Al - Razi (854-925 AD) made an important contribution to understanding the relationship between physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual in humans. Al - Razi (854-925 AD) developed a theory about human personality and temperament and identified environmental factors that influence human development. This study aims to reveal the thoughts of Al - Razi (854-925 AD) about human personality and environmental factors that influence human development, as well as the psychological therapies that are developed. The method in this study is a qualitative method using library research, while the object of this study is psychological thinking from the perspective of Abubakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya Al - Razi (854-925 AD). Al - Razi's thought (854-925 AD) showed that (1) Al - Razi revealed that human personality consists of four elements: blood, mucus, yellow bile, and black bile. (2) Al - Razi emphasized the importance of seeing human beings as complex beings and that human physical and mental health are interrelated and influence one another. His thoughts and research are very relevant and useful for the development of psychology. (3) In the view of Al - Razi (854-925 AD), holistic and integrated treatment and therapy is the key to achieving optimal mental health. Al - Razi developed various kinds of therapy, including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological therapy, and spiritual healing.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Affi, E., Soleymani, S., & Zargaran, A. (2022). Rhazes’ Contributions to Alchemy and Pharmacy. In Shiraz E Medical Journal. https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.111526

Amr, S., & Tbakhi, A. (2007). Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al Razi (Rhazes) : Philosopher, physician and alchemist. Annals of Saudi Medicine. https://doi.org/10.4103/0256-4947.51482

Ar-Razi, A. B. M. Z. (1971). Al-Hawi (Liber continens) of Ar-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammed Bin Zakariyya: synopsis of the eleventh volume. Bulletin of the Institute of Medicine (Hyderabad).

Changizi Ashtiyani, S., Golestanpour, A., Shamsi, M., Tabatabaei, S. M., & Ramazani, M. (2012). Rhazes’ prescriptions in treatment of gout. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.

Compier, A. H. (2012). Rhazes in the renaissance of andreas vesalius. Medical History. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300000259

Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami Desain Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Humanika, 21(1), 33–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075

Farag, S. (2004). Arab states: Egypt and the Arab states. In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/10516-079

Hamdani, A. Y. (2020). Konsep Etika Muhammad Ibn Zakariyya ar-Razi. Jurnal Filsafat Dan Teologi Islam.

Hamzah, A. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) Kajian Filosofis, Teoretis, Aplikasi, Proses dan Hasil Penelitian. Literasi Nusantara.

Istianah, I. (2020). Morals of Doctor According to Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s View. Al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v5i1.53

Istianah, I., & Rahmatullah, L. (2021). Abu Bakr Al-Razi di Antara Agama dan Sains. Islamadina : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam. https://doi.org/10.30595/islamadina.v22i2.10278

Karaman, H. (2011). Abu Bakr Al-Razi (Rhazes) and Medical Ethics. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi.

Latifah masruroh. (2021). Manusia dan Filsafat. Counselia; Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.31943/counselia.v2i2.4

Mahmoudi Nezhad, G. S., & Dalfardi, B. (2014). Rhazes (865-925 AD), the icon of Persian cardiology. In International Journal of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.045

Melissa Rogers. (2021). Trait Theory of Personality. Apa Topss Charles T. Blair-Broeker Excellence in Teaching Award.

Putra, R. A., & Hasim, W. (2019). Epistemologi Pemikiran Abu Bakar Muhammad Bin Zakaria Al-Razi Tentang Kenabian. Jurnal Yaqzhan: Analisis Filsafat, Agama Dan Kemanusiaan. https://doi.org/10.24235/jy.v5i2.5676

Rāzī, A. B. M. ibn Z. (1950). The spiritual physick of Rhazes/ translated from the Arabic by Arthur J. Arberry, Litt.D., F.B.A., Sir Thomas Adams’s professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge. In University of Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.24157/arc_12823

Saad, B. (2014). Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine: A Review. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2014/6530

Souayah, N., & Greenstein, J. I. (2005). Insights into neurologic localization by Rhazes, a medieval Islamic physician. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000167603.94026.ee

Sudewi, S., & Nugraha, S. M. (2018). Sejarah Farmasi Islam dan Hasil Karya Tokoh-Tokohnya. Aqlam: Journal of Islam and Plurality. https://doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v2i1.511

Syukri, Y. (2022). Pengobatan Islam Serta Teknologi Terkini. In Yandi Syukri.

Tabatabaei, S. M., & Jafari-Mehdiabad, A. (2020). Rhazes’ pioneer viewpoints about psychiatry, neurology and neuroscience. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v13i21.4863

Tajik, N., & Hashemimehr, M. (2022). Rhazes’ Views on Qualifications of Physicians, a Historical Review. In Archives of Iranian Medicine. https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2022.77

Usman Abu Bakar. (2016). Analisis Hubungan Sufisme, Psikoterapi, dan Kesehatan Spiritual. Madania : Jurnal Kajian Keislaman.

Zaman, A. B., & Sajaroh, W. S. (2023). Bershalawat Dengan Musik (Pemikiran Al-Ghazali Tentang As-Sama’ Dalam Hadrah Hiqma UIN Jakarta). Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam Dan Filsafat. https://doi.org/10.15408/paradigma.v4i01.30399

Zarshenas, M. M., Mehdizadeh, A., Zargaran, A., & Mohagheghzadeh, A. (2012). Rhazes (865-925 AD). Journal of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6398-x