Technical actions associated with point outcomes: A notational analysis of Anthony Sinisuka Ginting at the 2018 China Open
Keywords:
Badminton, performance analysis, technical actions, notational analysis, point outcomesAbstract
Background: Match statistics provide objective information for evaluating badminton performance and developing evidence-based coaching strategies. However, limited studies have comprehensively examined the technical actions contributing to an elite player’s performance throughout an entire tournament. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of technical actions performed by Anthony Sinisuka Ginting during the VICTOR China Open 2018 HSBC BWF World Tour Super 1000, focusing on point-winning and point-losing outcomes. Methods: This study employed a quantitative observational design using systematic notational analysis. Performance data were obtained from official Badminton World Federation (BWF) match videos covering all four matches played by Anthony Sinisuka Ginting from the Round of 16 to the final, comprising 10 sets with a mean set duration of 26.1 minutes. Each match was systematically coded using a structured observation instrument to record service, netting, smash, drive, dropshot, lob, chop, defend, and lift actions. Technical actions were classified according to successful and unsuccessful outcomes, and the data were analysed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Results: The smash generated the highest number of points, with an average success rate of 57.0% and an unforced error rate of 14.6%. In contrast, netting showed the highest proportion of successful actions but also the highest unforced error rate (26.7%). This pattern indicates that netting involved a greater balance between successful and unsuccessful outcomes than the other technical actions analysed. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that technical performance in elite badminton is characterised by differences in point production and error patterns across technical actions. The results provide an athlete-centred perspective on elite badminton performance and offer practical evidence for coaches when evaluating match performance and designing technical and tactical training programmes.
Downloads
Author Biographies
Wahyu Widiyanto, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, Indonesia
Rizki Apriliyanto, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, Indonesia
Jamaludin Yusuf, Department of Physical Education, Faculty Of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
References
Abdullahi, Y., & Coetzee, B. (2017). Notational Singles Match Analysis of Male Badminton Players Who Participated in the African Badminton Championships. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(1–2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2017.1303955
Abián, P., Castanedo, A., Feng, X. Q., Sampedro, J., & Abian-Javier, J. (2014). Notational Comparison of Men’s Singles Badminton Matches between Olympic Games in Beijing and London. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868701
Abián-Vicén, J., Castanedo, A., Abian, P., & Sampedro, J. (2013). Temporal and Notational Comparison of Badminton Matches between Men’s Singles and Women’s Singles. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(2), 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2013.11868650
Abián-Vicén, J., Sánchez, L., & Abián, P. (2018). Performance Structure Analysis of The Men’s and Women’s Badminton Doubles Matches in the Olympic Games from 2008 to 2016 during Playoffs Stage. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(4), 633–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1502975
Apriantono, T., Herman, I., Winata, B., Hidayat, I. I., Hasan, M. F., Juniarsyah, A. D., & Ihsani, S. I. (2020). Physiological Characteristics of Indonesian Junior Badminton Players : Men’s Double Category. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080617
Arnando, M., Syafruddin, A. O., Sasmitha, W., Saputra, M., Sepriadi, Z., Amra, F., Wulandari, I., & Ahmed, M. (2024). The Influence of Agility Training on the Badminton Athletes’ Ability. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(2), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120210
Barreira, J., Guilherme, J., Chiminazzo, C., & Fernandes, P. T. (2016). Analysis of Point Difference Established by Winners and Losers in Games of Badminton. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(2), 687–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2016.11868916
Brahms, B.-V. (2014). Badminton Handbook (2nd ed.). Meyer & Meyer Sport.
Chen, W., Wu, H., Shih, Y., Wang, C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Exploration of Player Behaviours from Broadcast Badminton Videos. Computer Graphics Forum, 42(6), e14786. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14786
Chia, J. S., Chow, J. Y., Barrett, L. A., & Burns, S. F. (2019). Reliability of a Novel Badminton Intermittent Exercise Protocol. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 90(4), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1620911
Guilherme, J., Chiminazzo, C., Barreira, J., & Luz, L. S. M. (2018). Technical and Timing Characteristics of Badminton Men’s Single: Comparison Between Groups and Play-offs Stages in 2016 Rio Olympic Games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1463785
Hammes, F., & Link, D. (2024). Badminton as a Dynamic System – a New Method for Analyzing Badminton Matches Based on Perturbations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 42(2), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2323327
Huang, L.-C., Hsueh, N.-Z., Chien, Y.-C., Wang, W.-Y., Wang, K.-D., & Peng, W.-C. (2023). A Reinforcement Learning Badminton Environment For Simulating Player Tactics. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 37(13), 16232–16233. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.12234
Kao, F., Pan, M. K., Yuh-Hong, C., & Tsai, C. L. U. (2024). The Grip Distribution Analysis Between Badminton Smash And Jump Smash. ISBS Proceedings Archive, 42(1), 486.
Karatnyka, I., Pityna, M., Yua, L. W., Hnatchukb, Y., & Khimenesa, K. (2021). Improvement of Speed and Strength Abilities Badminton Players Aged from 15 to 17 Years Old. Interdisciplinary Journal of Physical Education and Sports, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.36836/2021/1/26
Krishnaram, N., Ahamed, J., Sathyamoorthy, N., Sandaruwan, K. D., & Athapaththu, A. (2024). Skeletal Point Analysis to Determine the Accuracy of Forehand Smash Shots Played by Badminton Players. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v52i1.12141
Li, S., Zhang, Z., Wan, B., Wilde, B., & Shan, G. (2016). The Relevance of Body Positioning and its Training Effect on Badminton Smash. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1164332
Li, F., Li, S., Zhang, X., & Shan, G. (2023). Biomechanical Insights for Developing Evidence-Based Training Programs: Unveiling the Kinematic Secrets of the Overhead Forehand Smash in Badminton through Novice-Skilled Player Comparison. Applied Sciences, 13(22), 12488. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212488
Liao, K. F., Meng, F. W., & Chen, Y. L. (2017). The Relationship between Action Inhibition and Athletic Performance in Elite Badminton Players and Non-Athletes. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.123.02
Lim, A. T., Lim, J., Girard, O., Aziz, A. R., Tan, F., & Ihsan, M. (2023). Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Badminton-Specific Endurance and Subsequent Changes in Physical Performance. Science & Sports, 38(1), 102-e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2021.10.009
Limatahu, Y. A., Adam, S., & Rahayu, T. (2020). Evaluations of Badminton Shots of Beginner Single Male Players in PB. Bimasakti Ternate. International Conference on Science and Education and Technology (ISET 2019), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200620.032
Lin, Z., Nosaka, K., & Wilkie, J. C. (2022). Significance of Smash and Smash-Lunge Sequence in Singles Badminton Matches in Elite Players. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 22(3), 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2022.2069936
Lin, T., Aouididi, A., Chen, Z., Beyer, J., Pfister, H., & Wang, J.-H. (2023). VIRD: Immersive Match Video Analysis for High-Performance Badminton Coaching. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 30(1), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3327161
Liu, H., Adreon, C., Wagnon, N., Bamba, A. L., Li, X., Liu, H., MacCall, S., & Gan, Y. (2023). Automated Player Identification and Indexing using Two-Stage Deep Learning Network. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 10036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36657-5
McErlain-Naylor, S. A., Towler, H., Afzal, I. A., Felton, P. J., Hiley, M. J., & King, M. A. (2020). Effect of Racket-Shuttlecock Impact Location on Shot Outcome For Badminton Smashes by Elite Players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(21), 2471–2478. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1792132
Phomsoupha, M., & Laffaye, G. (2014). The Science of Badminton: Game Characteristics, Anthropometry, Physiology, Visual Fitness and Biomechanics. Sports Medicine, 45(4), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0287-2
Ramasamy, Y., Usman, J., Sundar, V., Towler, H., & King, M. (2024). Kinetic and Kinematic Determinants of Shuttlecock Speed in the Forehand Jump Smash Performed by Elite Male Malaysian Badminton Players. Sports Biomechanics, 23(5), 582–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2021.2015060
Ramos-Álvarez, Juan & Campos, M.J. & Portes, Carlos Eduardo & Rey, M. & Martín, A. (2016). Analysis of the physiological parameters of junior spanish badminton players. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Fisica y Del Deporte, 16(61), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.61.004
Roure, C., & Dieu, O. (2023). Matching Learning Tasks with Students’ Conative Stages in Badminton: Effects on Situational Interest. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(2), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2021.2015060
Savla, H. N., Sangaonkar, M., & Palekar, T. (2020). Correlation of Core Strength and Agility in Badminton Players. Internat Ional Journal of Appl Ied Research, 6(12), 383–387.
Sheng, Y., Liu, C., Yi, Q., Ouyang, W., Wang, R., & Chen, P. (2025). Predicting Badminton Outcomes Through Machine Learning and Technical Action Frequencies. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87610-7
Simón-Chico, L., González-Peño, A., Hernández-Cuadrado, E., & Franco, E. (2023). The Impact of a Challenge-Based Learning Experience in Physical Education on Students’ Motivation and Engagement. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(4), 684-700. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13040052
Stovba, I. R., Stoliarova, N. V, Petrozhak, O. L., Savinykh, E., & Komkova, I. A. (2020). Efect of Badminton on Physical Performance. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 20(4), 2441-2445. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s4334
Subarkah, A., Marani, I. N., Yulianti, E., Widyaningsih, H., Jauhari, M., & Wijayanto, A. (2023). Physical Performance Indicators in Badminton. Proceedings of the 6th Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science (YISHPESS 2023), 73, 224. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-356-6_26
Widiyanto, W. E., Setyawati, H., Hidayatullah, M. F., Wira, D., Kusuma, Y., Hidayah, T., Raharjo, H. P., Sabillah, M. I., & Ockta, Y. (2025). Improving Physical Condition of Badminton Athletes Aged 10-12 Through Circuit Body Weight Training Como Citar En APA Keywords Resumen Palabras Clave. Retos, 68, 1858–1865. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116394
Zhang, Y., & Leng, B. (2024). Performance of Elite Women’s Singles Badminton Players: The Influence of Left-Handed Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 92, 239–249. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/172783
Zhao, Y., Zhu, A., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Comparison of the Temporal and Technical-Tactical Characteristics in Badminton Men’s Singles Under Different Competition Formats. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1634776
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Widiyanto, Rizki Apriliyanto, Jamaludin Yusuf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. Copyrights of all materials published in Journal Sport Area are freely available without charge to users or / institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, search, or link to full-text articles in this journal without asking by giving appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. All of the remix, transform, or build upon the material must distribute the contributions under the same license as the original.
Accepted 2026-08-19
Published 2026-08-31
