Rock characteristics of post-caldera volcanoes in Dieng volcanic complex (DVC), Central Java, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2022.7.4.10015Keywords:
Dieng Volcanic Complex, Post-Caldera Volcanism, Lava, Pyroclastic Rocks, EruptionAbstract
The Dieng volcanic complex (DVC) has one of the densest post-caldera volcanisms activity presents in Indonesia, yet its population density is considerably high. Therefore, it is important to identify the rock characteristics produced by the DVC post-caldera volcanoes to understand the risks and future hazards (i.e., eruption style). Based on lithology, we have classified DVC post-caldera volcanoes as (1) pyroclastic domain (PD; including Pagerkandang, Merdada, and Pangonan), and (2) lava domain (LD; including Prambanan, Kendil, Pakuwaja, Sikunir, Sikarim, and Seroja). PD is characterized by the domination of pyroclastic materials (mostly ash and lapilli) with oxidized scoria and volcanic lithics (fresh and/or altered) as the main components. The oxidized scoria clasts are moderately vesicular (27–41 % vesicularity; ) and phenocryst poor (<5 % phenocryst crystallinity, ), with plagioclase, pyroxene, and oxides as the main phenocryst phases. The LD is composed predominantly of lava. The observed lavas are typically dense (mostly <1 % , phenocryst rich (21–47 % ), and include plagioclase, pyroxene, biotite, amphibole, and oxides as the main phenocryst phases. Such differences in mineralogy and textures (i.e., vesicularity and crystallinity) suggest that PD and LD were likely sourced from different magmatic sources with different eruption styles (explosive and effusive styles, respectively). We have suggested that civilization settlements near PD are facing major threats from explosive magmatic, phreatomagmatic, and phreatic eruptions that could produce significant fallouts, ballistic materials, and highly destructive pyroclastic density currents. LDs pose a threat in the form of effusive magmatic eruptions such as lava flows and/or domes.
Downloads
References
Araya, Naoki, Michihiko Nakamura, Atsushi Yasuda, Satoshi Okumura, Tomoki Sato, Masato Iguchi, Daisuke Miki, and Nobuo Geshi. 2019. Shallow Magma Pre-Charge during Repeated Plinian Eruptions at Sakurajima Volcano. Scientific Reports 9(1).
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Wonosobo. 2020. Proyeksi Penduduk Desa Di Kecamatan Kejajar (access time: July 4, 2022, 12:46 am).
Browne, Brandon L., Christina Neal, and Charles R. Bacon. 2022. THE ~400 YR B.P. ERUPTION OF HALF CONE, A POST-CALDERA COMPOSITE CONE WITHIN ANIAKCHAK CALDERA, ALASKA PENINSULA.
le Guern, F., H. Tazieff, and R. Faivre Pierret. 1982. An Example of Health Hazard: People Killed by Gas during a Phreatic Eruption: Dieng Plateau (Java, Indonesia), February 20th 1979.
Harijoko, Agung, Ryusuke Uruma, Haryo Edi Wibowo, Lucas Doni Setijadji, Akira Imai, Kotaro Yonezu, and Koichiro Watanabe. 2016. Geochronology and Magmatic Evolution of the Dieng Volcanic Complex, Central Java, Indonesia and Their Relationships to Geothermal Resources. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 310:209–24.
Heap, Michael J., Tobias Baumann, H. Albert Gilg, Stephan Kolzenburg, Amy G. Ryan, Marlène Villeneuve, J. Kelly Russell, Lori A. Kennedy, Marina Rosas-Carbajal, and Michael A. Clynne. 2021. Hydrothermal Alteration Can Result in Pore Pressurization and Volcano Instability. Geology 49(11):1348–52.
Jutzeler, M., A. A. Proussevitch, and S. R. Allen. 2012. Grain-Size Distribution of Volcaniclastic Rocks 1: A New Technique Based on Functional Stereology. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 239–240:1–11.
Lowell JD, and Guilbert JM. 1970. Lateral and Vertical Alteration-Mineralization Zoning in Porphyry Ore Deposits. Economic Geology 65:373–408.
McBirney, AR. 2007. Igneous Petrology. Third. Jones and Bartlett Publisher, USA.
Murtagh, Rachel M., and James D. L. White. 2013. Pyroclast Characteristics of a Subaqueous to Emergent Surtseyan Eruption, Black Point Volcano, California. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 267:75–91.
Murtagh, Rachel M., James D. L. White, and Young Kwan Sohn. 2011. Pyroclast Textures of the Ilchulbong ‘wet’ Tuff Cone, Jeju Island, South Korea. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 201(1–4):385–96.
Rachmat, Heryadi, Mega Fatimah Rosana, A. Djumarma Wirakusumah, and Gamma Abdul Jabbar. 2016. Petrogenesis of Rinjani Post-1257-Caldera-Forming-Eruption Lava Flows. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 3(2):107–26.
Reubi, O., and I. A. Nicholls. 2004. Variability in Eruptive Dynamics Associated with Caldera Collapse: An Example from Two Successive Eruptions at Batur Volcanic Field, Bali, Indonesia. Bulletin of Volcanology 66(2):134–48.
Ridolfi, Filippo, and Alberto Renzulli. 2012. Calcic Amphiboles in Calc-Alkaline and Alkaline Magmas: Thermobarometric and Chemometric Empirical Equations Valid up to 1,130°C and 2.2 GPa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 163(5):877–95.
Rubin’, K. H., G. E. Wheller, O. Tanzer, J. D. Macdougall, R. Varne, and R. Finkel. 1989. 238U Decay Series Systematics of Young Lavas from Batur Volcano, Sunda Arc. Vol. 38.
Shea, Thomas. 2017. Bubble Nucleation in Magmas: A Dominantly Heterogeneous Process? Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 343:155–70.
Sigurdsson H. 2000. Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press.
Suhendro I. 2016. “Karakteristik Batuan Hasil Erupsi Gunung Api Dalam Kaldera (Intrar Caldera) Ijen, Desa Kalianyar, Kecamatan Sempol, Kabupaten Bondowoso.” Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Suhendro, Indranova, Atsushi Toramaru, Agung Harijoko, and Haryo Edi Wibowo. 2022. The Origins of Transparent and Non-Transparent White Pumice: A Case Study of the 52 Ka Maninjau Caldera-Forming Eruption,
Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 431.
Suhendro, Indranova, Atsushi Toramaru, Tomoharu Miyamoto, Yasuo Miyabuchi, and Takahiro Yamamoto. 2021. Magma Chamber Stratification of the 1815 Tambora Caldera-Forming Eruption. Bulletin of Volcanology 83(10).
Sukhyar R, Sumartadipura NS, and Effendi W. 1986. “Peta Geologi Komplek Gunungapi Dieng.”
Toramaru, A. 2006. BND (Bubble Number Density) Decompression Rate Meter for Explosive Volcanic Eruptions. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 154(3–4):303–16.
Walker, George P. L. 1971. Grain-Size Characteristics of Pyroclastic Deposits. The Journal of Geology 79(6): 696-714.
Wilson, Lionel, R. Stephen J. Sparks, and George P. L. Walker. 1980. Explosive Volcanic Eruptions — IV. The Control of Magma Properties and Conduit Geometry on Eruption Column Behaviour. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 63(1):117–48.
Wohletz, K. H., M. F. Sheridan, and W. K. Brown. 1989. Particle Size Distributions and the Sequential Fragmentation/Transport Theory Applied to Volcanic Ash. Journal of Geophysical Research 94(B11).
Wohletz KH, and Heiken G. 1992. Volcanology and Geothermal Energy. University of California Press, USA.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright @2019. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. Copyrights of all materials published in JGEET are freely available without charge to users or / institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, search, or link to full-text articles in this journal without asking by giving appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. All of the remix, transform, or build upon the material must distribute the contributions under the same license as the original.