APAKAH DANA ZAKAT DAPAT MENGURANGI TINGKAT KEMISKINAN ?: STUDI KASUS PROVINSI SUMATRA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/jtb.2020.vol3(2).5818Keywords:
Dana Zakat, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, KemiskinanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jumlah dana zakat yang disalurkan ke masyarakat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 18 BAZNAS kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat dengan data selama 6 tahun periode (2013-2019) dengan 126 jumlah pengamatan. Metode analisis penelitian ini regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana zakat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi memiliki dampak negatif signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Penelitian ini memberikan prespektif bahwa peran dana zakat yang distribusikan kepada masyarakat mampu menunjukkan konsistensinya dan berhasil mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan sehingga dana zakat mampu menjadi strategi utama untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan. Sebagai kontribusi praktis, pemerintah dapat lebih mengoptimalkan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat untuk menyalurkan dana zakat kepada lembaga berbadan hukum seperti BAZNAS, karena lebih terukur dalam melihat dampaknya terhadap perekonomian makro secara kesuluruhan untuk suatu daerah kabupaten/kota, agar tercapai pengentasan kemiskinan dari penyaluran dana zakat.
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References
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Abdullah, N., Derus, A. M., & Al-Malkawi, H.A. N. 2015. The Effectiveness of Zakat in Alleviating Poverty and Inequalities. Humanomics, 31(3), 314–329.
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Agénor, P. R., McDermott, C. J., & Prasad, E. S. 2000. Macroeconomic Fluctuations In Developing Countries: Some Stylized Facts. The World Bank Economic Review, 14(2), 251-285.
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Aisyah, M. 2014. The Role of Zakah and Binary Economics in Poverty Reduction, ESENSI : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 4(2),178-197.
Ali, A. F. M., Abd Rashid, Z., Johari, F., & Ab Aziz, M. R. 2015. The Effectiveness olf Zakat In Reducing Poverty Incident: An Analysis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 11(21), 355.
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Amri, K., & Marwiyati, M. 2019. Preferensi Muzakki Membayar Zakat Melalui Baitul Mal: Studi Empiris di Kota Banda Aceh. J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains), 4(2), 386-391.
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Banerjee, A. N., Banik, N., & Mukhopadhyay, J. P. 2015. The Dynamics of Income Growth And Poverty: Evidence From Districts in India. Development Policy Review, 33(3), 293-312.
Beik, I. S. 2014. Towardss an Establishment of an Efficient and Sound Zakat System: Proposed Core Principles for Effective Zakat Supervision. Paper presented in the Working Group of Zakat Core Principles 2014.
Beik, I. S., & Tsabita, K. 2017. Performance Analysis of Zakat Practices in East Lampung Regency using National Zakat Index (NZI). Working Papers-Puskas Baznas, 1.
Bourguignon, F., & Spadaro, A. 2006. Microsimulation As A Tool For Evaluating Redistribution Policies. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 4(1), 77-106.
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Choi, E. S., Hokom, M. M., Chen, J. L., Skrine, J., Faust, J., Nichol, J., & Hunt, P. 1996. The Role Of Megakaryocyte Growth And Development Factor In Terminal Stages Of Thrombopoiesis. British journal of haematology, 95(2), 337-233.
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Devangi, H., Liyanage & Lee, P. G. H. 2013. Have Economic Growth and Institutional Quality Contributed to Poverty and In-equality Reduction in Asia?. Journal of A-sian Economics, 6, 1-33.
Dogarawa, A. B. 2009. Poverty Alleviaton Through Zakah And Waqf Institutions: A Case For The Muslim Ummah In Ghana. Available at SSRN 1622122.
Dollar, D. 2007. Poverty, Inequality, And Social Disparities During China's Economic Reform. The World Bank.
Faiz, M. 1991. Prospects Of Poverty Eradication Through The Existing Zakat System In Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, 30(4), 1119–1129.
Ghozali, I. 2017. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. [Multivariate Analysis Application With The IBM SPSS 23 program]. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Gylfason, T. 1998. Output Gains From Economic Stabilization. Journal of Development Economics, 56(1), 81-96.
Hoque, N., Khan, M. A., & Mohammad, K. D. 2015. Poverty Alleviation by Zakah in a Transitional Economy: A Small Business Entrepreneurial Framework. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 1-20.
Ishaq, K. A. 2003. Integrating Traditional Institutions in International Development: Revitalizing Zakat to Reduce Poverty in Muslim Societies. University of Oregon.
Johari, F., Ab Aziz, M. R., & Ali, A. F. M. 2014. The Role Of Zakat In Reducing Poverty And Income Inequality Among New Convert (Muallaf) in Selangor, Malaysia. Online Journal of Research in Islamic Studies, 1(3), 43-56.
Khasandy, E. A., & Badrudin, R. 2019. The Influence of Zakat on Economic Growth And Welfare Society In Indonesia. Integrated Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 65-79.
Loayza, N. 1999. The Economics Of The Informal Sector: A Simple Model And Some Empirical Evidence from Latin America. The World Bank.
Mahamod, L. H. 2012. The Alleviation Of Rural Poverty in Malaysia: The Role Of Zakat A Case Study. Journal of Architecture, Planning and Construction Management, 2(1), 93.
Mai, T., & Mahadevan, R. 2016. A Research Note on The Poverty Dynamics and Cost Of Poverty Inequality: Case Study of Indonesia. Economic Analysis and Policy, 49, 100-107.
Muliadi, M., & Amri, K. 2019. Penerimaan Zakat dan Penurunan Kemiskinan di Aceh: Peran Dana Otonomi Khusus Sebagai Pemoderasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 5(3), 231-244.
Murniati, R., & Beik, I. S. 2015. Pengaruh Zakat Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan Mustahik: Studi Kasus Pendayagunaan BAZNAS Kota Bogor. Jurnal Al-Muzara’ah, 2(2), 135-149.
Muthalib, A. A., Adam, P., Saenong, Z., & Suriadi, L. O. 2018. The Influence of Fuel Prices and Unemployment Rate towards the Poverty Level in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(3), 37–42.
Nadzri, F. A. A., Rahman, R., & Ormar, N. 2014. Zakat and Poverty Alleviation: Roles of Zakat Institutions in Malaysia. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 1(7), 61–72.
Nakabashi, L. 2018. Poverty And Economic Development: Evidence For The Brazilian States. EconomiA, 19(3), 445-458.
Nurjanah, F. 2019. The Impact of Economic Growth and Distribution of Zakat Funds on Poverty (Survey in the Third District of West Java Province Period 2011-2016). KnE Social Sciences, 55-70.
Pramanik, A. H. 1993. Development and Distribution in Islam. Pelanduk Publications. Petaling Jaya-Kuala Lumpur.
Qardhawi, Y. 1995. Kiat Islam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. Terjemahan. Gema Insani. Jakarta.
Rédha, B. M., Larbi, G., & Karima, R. M. 2016. The Impact of Zakat Fund in Reducing Poverty Case of Algeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), 256.
Sarel, M. 1996. Nonlinear Effects Of Inflation On Economic Growth. Staff Papers, 43(1), 199-215.
Soekarni, M. 2008. Investasi Syari’ah Implementasi Konsep pada Kenyataan Empiris. Kreasi Wacana. Yogyakarta.
Stevans, L. K., & Sessions, D. N. 2005. An Empirical Investigation Into The Effect of Music Downloading on The Consumer Expenditure of Recorded Music: A Time Series Approach. Journal of Consumer Policy, 28(3), 311-324.
Abdullah, N., Derus, A. M., & Al-Malkawi, H.A. N. 2015. The Effectiveness of Zakat in Alleviating Poverty and Inequalities. Humanomics, 31(3), 314–329.
Afifudin, T., & Sari, N. 2019. Pengaruh Zakat dan Infaq terhadap Penurunan Kemiskinan di Aceh Periode 2007-2017. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 4(1), 34-51.
Agénor, P. R., McDermott, C. J., & Prasad, E. S. 2000. Macroeconomic Fluctuations In Developing Countries: Some Stylized Facts. The World Bank Economic Review, 14(2), 251-285.
Ahmad, Z. 1991. Islam, Poverty And Income Distribution. The Islamic Foundation, Markfield Da’wah Center. Leicester.
Aisyah, M. 2014. The Role of Zakah and Binary Economics in Poverty Reduction, ESENSI : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 4(2),178-197.
Ali, A. F. M., Abd Rashid, Z., Johari, F., & Ab Aziz, M. R. 2015. The Effectiveness olf Zakat In Reducing Poverty Incident: An Analysis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 11(21), 355.
Al-Qaraḍāwī, Y. 1999. Fiqh Az-zakat: A Comparative Study; The Rules, Regulations and Philosophy of Zakat in the Light of the Qur'an and Sunna. Dar Al Taqwa.
Amri, K., & Marwiyati, M. 2019. Preferensi Muzakki Membayar Zakat Melalui Baitul Mal: Studi Empiris di Kota Banda Aceh. J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen dan Sains), 4(2), 386-391.
Arsyad, L. 1999. Pengantar Perencanaan Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah. Badan Penerbitan Fakultas Ekonomi (BPFE). Yogyakarta.
Ayuniyyah, Q., Pramanik, A. H., Saad, N. M., & Ariffin, M. I. 2018. Zakat For Poverty Alleviation And Income Inequality Reduction : West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 4(1), 85–100.
Banerjee, A. N., Banik, N., & Mukhopadhyay, J. P. 2015. The Dynamics of Income Growth And Poverty: Evidence From Districts in India. Development Policy Review, 33(3), 293-312.
Beik, I. S. 2014. Towardss an Establishment of an Efficient and Sound Zakat System: Proposed Core Principles for Effective Zakat Supervision. Paper presented in the Working Group of Zakat Core Principles 2014.
Beik, I. S., & Tsabita, K. 2017. Performance Analysis of Zakat Practices in East Lampung Regency using National Zakat Index (NZI). Working Papers-Puskas Baznas, 1.
Bourguignon, F., & Spadaro, A. 2006. Microsimulation As A Tool For Evaluating Redistribution Policies. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 4(1), 77-106.
Bruno, M., & Easterly, W. 1998. Inflation Crises And Long-Run Growth, Journal of Monetary Economics, 41, 3-26.
Chani, D., Irfan, M., Pervaiz, Z., Jan, S. A., Ali, A., & Chaudhary, A. R. 2011. Poverty, Inflation And Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14(7), 1058-1063.
Chani, M. I., & Chaudhary, A. R. 2010. Import Demand Behaviour in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Germany.
Choi, E. S., Hokom, M. M., Chen, J. L., Skrine, J., Faust, J., Nichol, J., & Hunt, P. 1996. The Role Of Megakaryocyte Growth And Development Factor In Terminal Stages Of Thrombopoiesis. British journal of haematology, 95(2), 337-233.
Choudhury, M. A., & Harahap, S. S. 2008. Interrelationship Between Zakat, Islamic Bank And The Economy. Managerial Finance, 34(9), 610–617.
Datt, G., Ravallion, M., & Murgai, R. 2016. Growth, Urbanization, And Poverty Reduction in India. The World Bank.
Devangi, H., Liyanage & Lee, P. G. H. 2013. Have Economic Growth and Institutional Quality Contributed to Poverty and In-equality Reduction in Asia?. Journal of A-sian Economics, 6, 1-33.
Dogarawa, A. B. 2009. Poverty Alleviaton Through Zakah And Waqf Institutions: A Case For The Muslim Ummah In Ghana. Available at SSRN 1622122.
Dollar, D. 2007. Poverty, Inequality, And Social Disparities During China's Economic Reform. The World Bank.
Faiz, M. 1991. Prospects Of Poverty Eradication Through The Existing Zakat System In Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, 30(4), 1119–1129.
Ghozali, I. 2017. Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. [Multivariate Analysis Application With The IBM SPSS 23 program]. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Gylfason, T. 1998. Output Gains From Economic Stabilization. Journal of Development Economics, 56(1), 81-96.
Hoque, N., Khan, M. A., & Mohammad, K. D. 2015. Poverty Alleviation by Zakah in a Transitional Economy: A Small Business Entrepreneurial Framework. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 1-20.
Ishaq, K. A. 2003. Integrating Traditional Institutions in International Development: Revitalizing Zakat to Reduce Poverty in Muslim Societies. University of Oregon.
Johari, F., Ab Aziz, M. R., & Ali, A. F. M. 2014. The Role Of Zakat In Reducing Poverty And Income Inequality Among New Convert (Muallaf) in Selangor, Malaysia. Online Journal of Research in Islamic Studies, 1(3), 43-56.
Khasandy, E. A., & Badrudin, R. 2019. The Influence of Zakat on Economic Growth And Welfare Society In Indonesia. Integrated Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 65-79.
Loayza, N. 1999. The Economics Of The Informal Sector: A Simple Model And Some Empirical Evidence from Latin America. The World Bank.
Mahamod, L. H. 2012. The Alleviation Of Rural Poverty in Malaysia: The Role Of Zakat A Case Study. Journal of Architecture, Planning and Construction Management, 2(1), 93.
Mai, T., & Mahadevan, R. 2016. A Research Note on The Poverty Dynamics and Cost Of Poverty Inequality: Case Study of Indonesia. Economic Analysis and Policy, 49, 100-107.
Muliadi, M., & Amri, K. 2019. Penerimaan Zakat dan Penurunan Kemiskinan di Aceh: Peran Dana Otonomi Khusus Sebagai Pemoderasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 5(3), 231-244.
Murniati, R., & Beik, I. S. 2015. Pengaruh Zakat Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan Mustahik: Studi Kasus Pendayagunaan BAZNAS Kota Bogor. Jurnal Al-Muzara’ah, 2(2), 135-149.
Muthalib, A. A., Adam, P., Saenong, Z., & Suriadi, L. O. 2018. The Influence of Fuel Prices and Unemployment Rate towards the Poverty Level in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(3), 37–42.
Nadzri, F. A. A., Rahman, R., & Ormar, N. 2014. Zakat and Poverty Alleviation: Roles of Zakat Institutions in Malaysia. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 1(7), 61–72.
Nakabashi, L. 2018. Poverty And Economic Development: Evidence For The Brazilian States. EconomiA, 19(3), 445-458.
Nurjanah, F. 2019. The Impact of Economic Growth and Distribution of Zakat Funds on Poverty (Survey in the Third District of West Java Province Period 2011-2016). KnE Social Sciences, 55-70.
Pramanik, A. H. 1993. Development and Distribution in Islam. Pelanduk Publications. Petaling Jaya-Kuala Lumpur.
Qardhawi, Y. 1995. Kiat Islam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan. Terjemahan. Gema Insani. Jakarta.
Rédha, B. M., Larbi, G., & Karima, R. M. 2016. The Impact of Zakat Fund in Reducing Poverty Case of Algeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), 256.
Sarel, M. 1996. Nonlinear Effects Of Inflation On Economic Growth. Staff Papers, 43(1), 199-215.
Soekarni, M. 2008. Investasi Syari’ah Implementasi Konsep pada Kenyataan Empiris. Kreasi Wacana. Yogyakarta.
Stevans, L. K., & Sessions, D. N. 2005. An Empirical Investigation Into The Effect of Music Downloading on The Consumer Expenditure of Recorded Music: A Time Series Approach. Journal of Consumer Policy, 28(3), 311-324.
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2020-11-01
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Asosiasi Program Studi Keuangan dan Perbankan Syariah
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