Fleksibilitas Kognitif dan Berpikir Divergen Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam: Implikasi Bagi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/syarikat.2024.vol7(1).30635Keywords:
Fleksibilitas Kognitif, Berpikir Divergen, Sumber Daya InsaniAbstract
Penelitian ini menguji hubungan fleksibilitas kognitif dengan kemampuan berpikir divergen mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam serta relevansinya bagi pengembangan Sumber Daya Insani (SDI) dalam ekonomi syariah. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif korelasional terhadap 135 mahasiswa semester VI angkatan 2022 Universitas Islam Riau yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling dari populasi 154 mahasiswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket laporan diri yang terdiri atas 27 butir fleksibilitas kognitif dan 39 butir berpikir divergen. Koefisien Cronbach’s alpha yang dilaporkan masing-masing sebesar 0,969 dan 0,972. Output regresi menunjukkan hubungan positif (R = 0,863; R² = 0,745; B = 1,193; p < 0,001). Namun, uji deviasi dari linearitas signifikan (p = 0,001), sehingga spesifikasi model linear perlu diperiksa kembali dan koefisiennya belum layak ditafsirkan sebagai bukti definitif hubungan linear. Penelitian ini tidak mengukur kinerja pegawai atau inovasi organisasi secara langsung. Kontribusinya terletak pada pemetaan awal kompetensi kognitif calon tenaga profesional serta perumusan implikasi pengembangan SDI yang memadukan kemampuan adaptif, pengembangan gagasan, kompetensi teknis, dan etika Islam.
Downloads
References
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Sommer, M., Arendasy, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2014). Intelligence, creativity, and cognitive control: The common and differential involvement of executive functions in intelligence and creativity. Intelligence, 46, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.007
Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010). The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Gajda, A., Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R. A. (2017). Creativity and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(2), 269–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000133
Gerwig, A., Miroshnik, K., Forthmann, B., Benedek, M., Karwowski, M., & Holling, H. (2021). The relationship between intelligence and divergent thinking: A meta-analytic update. Journal of Intelligence, 9(2), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9020023
Grajzel, K., Acar, S., Dumas, D., Organisciak, P., & Berthiaume, K. (2023). Measuring flexibility: A text-mining approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1093343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1093343
Hadjri, M. I., Perizade, B., Marwa, T., & Hanafi, A. (2019). Islamic human resource management, organizational commitment and employee performance: A case study on Sharia bank in South Sumatera. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.7529
Hughes, Z. D., Ball, L. J., & Judge, J. (2026). Assessing the role of attentional inhibition and cognitive flexibility in convergent and divergent thinking during creative task performance. BMC Psychology, 14, Article 874. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04582-7
Hunsaker, W. D. (2022). Spiritual leadership and employee innovation. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5048–5057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01011-9
Ionescu, T. (2012). Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New Ideas in Psychology, 30(2), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.11.001
Isa, E. S. A. I., & Muafi, M. (2022). Human capital, organizational learning and their effects on innovation behavior and performance of banking employees. International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, 11(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v11i1.1533
Kalaivanan, K., Wang, R., Ren, J., Liu, M., Zhang, X., Teo, C. L., & Chen, S. H. A. (2026). The association between cognitive flexibility and creativity across childhood and adolescence: A scoping review. BMC Psychology, 14, Article 1163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04886-8
Kistyanto, A., Rasi, R. Z., Surjanti, J., & Aji, T. S. (2020). The effects of self-efficacy, Islamic human capital, and financial literacy on SME performance in Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah, 4(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v4i2.6030
Kleinkorres, R., Forthmann, B., & Holling, H. (2021). An experimental approach to investigate the involvement of cognitive load in divergent thinking. Journal of Intelligence, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9010003
Koutstaal, W. (2025). Self-guided transitions and creative idea search: Adaptively choosing flexibility versus persistence in divergent and convergent thinking tasks. Royal Society Open Science, 12(3), 241394. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.241394
Lin, W.-L., Tsai, P.-H., Lin, H.-Y., & Chen, H.-C. (2014). How does emotion influence different creative performances? The mediating role of cognitive flexibility. Cognition and Emotion, 28(5), 834–844. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.854195
Liu, T., Wang, Z., & Yu, H. (2025). Mind mapping training’s effects on divergent thinking skills: Detection based on EEG data. Applied Sciences, 15(2), 613. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020613
Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623–626. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623
Masyhuri, M., Pardiman, P., & Siswanto, S. (2021). The effect of workplace spirituality, perceived organizational support, and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of psychological well-being. Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura, 24(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v24i1.2477
Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K. W., Rietzschel, E. F., & Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: Creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1), 34–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463281003765323
Nuraida, I., & Sugilar, H. (2023). Cognitive flexibility in developing higher-order thinking skills in the course of ring theory. Jurnal Analisa, 9(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.15575/ja.v9i2.30146
Oktaviani, N. N., Suprapto, P. K., & Mustofa, R. F. (2021). Hubungan fleksibilitas kognitif dengan keterampilan pemecahan masalah pada mata pelajaran biologi di MAN Kota Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Bioterdidik: Wahana Ekspresi Ilmiah, 9(1), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.23960/jbt.v9i1.21745
Otoo, F. N. K., Adjei Junior, P. N., Agyeman, G. A., & Bekoe, R. (2026). Examining the relationship between human resource management practices and employee creativity: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 17(2), 195–240. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-08-2024-0434
Pratama, B. W., Kamaluddin, A., Fitriati, A., Saad, S., Innayah, M. N., & Hambali, S. S. (2024). Human and social capital as antecedents of spiritual capital on MSME innovation. Etikonomi, 23(2), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.32201
Runco, M. A., & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.652929
Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The standard definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092
Sahputra, M. R., & Adawiyah, R. (2025). Islamic values in human resource management practices: A systematic literature review. I-Economics: A Research Journal on Islamic Economics, 11(2), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.19109/ieconomics.v11i2.31730
Santos, M. R. (1986). Treinta y cinco años del pensamiento divergente: Teoría de la creatividad de Guilford. Estudios de Psicología, 7(27–28), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/02109395.1986.10821474
Saputra, B., Solihatin, E., & Muslim, S. (2023). Cognitive flexibility abilities in learning: A systematic review of the literature. Asian Journal of Educational Technology, 2(2), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.53402/ajet.v2i2.373
Saretzki, J., Forthmann, B., & Benedek, M. (2026). A systematic quantitative review of divergent thinking assessments. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 20(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000691
Sifa’, M., Putro, H. K., & Mun’im, M. (2025). Strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia berbasis syariah untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di lembaga keuangan syariah dalam perspektif Al-Quran. Journal of Islamic Banking, 6(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.35896/jib.v6i1.1025
Wu, Y., & Koutstaal, W. (2020). Charting the contributions of cognitive flexibility to creativity: Self-guided transitions as a process-based index of creativity-related adaptivity. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0234473. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234473
Yan, Y., & Ren, P. (2026). When knowledge flows backward: Enhancing older employee creativity through cognitive flexibility. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, 1863257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1863257
Zulkifli, Z., Purwati, A. A., Renaldo, N., Hamzah, Z., & Hamzah, M. L. (2023). Employee performance of Sharia Bank in Indonesia: The mediation of organizational innovation and knowledge sharing. Cogent Business & Management, 10(3), Article 2273609. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2273609


