Analisis Manajemen Risiko Sumber Daya Manusia Berdasarkan Teori Tawakal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/syarikat.2026.vol9(1).29407Keywords:
Manajemen Risiko, Sumber Daya Manusia, Tawakal, AkidahAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen risiko sumber daya manusia berdasarkan teori tawakal dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Perekonomian Rakyat Dana Amanah (Perseroda). Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah belum optimalnya pengelolaan risiko sumber daya manusia yang berdampak pada kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada karyawan sebagai responden penelitian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi konsep manajemen risiko dengan pendekatan spiritual melalui teori tawakal dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar risiko berada pada kategori tinggi, terutama pada risiko kesalahan pencatatan transaksi, data nasabah yang tidak akurat, serta pelanggaran SOP. Risiko-risiko tersebut memiliki tingkat kemungkinan dan dampak yang signifikan sehingga memerlukan perhatian dan penanganan yang lebih intensif. Sementara itu, risiko kesalahan analisis kredit dan stres kerja karyawan berada pada kategori sedang, namun tetap perlu dikendalikan agar tidak berkembang menjadi risiko yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan manajemen sumber daya manusia berbasis integrasi antara pendekatan rasional dan spiritual. Limitasi penelitian ini adalah hanya membahas manajemen risiko pada bidang sumber daya manusia sehingga penelitian berikutnya perlu menambah pembahasan manajemen risiko pada bidang pemasaran, keuangan dan operasional.
Downloads
References
Ab Rahman, Z., Kashim, M. I. A. M., Mohd Noor, A. Y., Che Zarrina Saari, A. Z. H., Abdul Rahim Ridzuan, A. R. R., & Hanizah Mohd Yusoff, W. H. K. (2020). Critical review of positive behavior and resilience in Islamic perspective daring the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(5), 1117–1125.
Abu Farah, Y. (2009). Crisis management: Integrated entrance. Athraa for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu Hussain, H., & Al-Ajmi, J. (2012). Risk management practices of conventional and Islamic banks in Bahrain. The Journal of Risk Finance, 13(3), 215–239. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265941211229244
Abu Khalil, M. (2001). The position of principals of basic education schools on some crises and planning to face them. The Future of Arab Education, 7(21), 259–318.
Abu-Hilal, M., Al-Bahrani, M., & Al-Zedjali, M. (2017). Can religiosity boost meaning in life and suppress stress for Muslim college students? Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(3), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1324835
Agustin, H. (2021). Teori bank syariah. Jurnal Perbankan Syariah, 2(1), 67–83.
Agustin, H. (2025). Buku ajar pengantar metode penelitian kualitatif manajemen. Gemilang Press Indonesia.
Agustin, H., Armis, & Hasan, H. (2022). Teori manajemen risiko bank syariah. Jurnal Tabarru': Islamic Banking and Finance, 5(2), 551–564. https://doi.org/10.25299/jtb.2022.vol5(2).11251
Agustin, H., Hasan, H., Setiawan, R., & Indrastuti, S. (2023). Pengembangan konsep kualitas layanan bank syariah berdasarkan perspektif Islam. Jurnal Tabarru': Islamic Banking and Finance, 6(2), 785–794.
Agustin, H., Setiawan, R., Hasan, H., & Rusby, Z. (2025). Teori dewan pengawas syariah. JSE: Jurnal Sharia Economica, 4(2), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.46773/jse.v4i1
Agustin, H., Setiawan, R., Hasan, H., & Rusby, Z. (2025a). Konsep strategi pemasaran syariah berdasarkan aqidah dan akhlak Rasulullah Shallallahu'alaihi Wasallam. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(7). https://doi.org/10.62281/gvc46y12
Agustin, H., Siregar, A., Setiawan, R., Hamdi, L. M., & Hamdi, L. A. (2025). Manajemen risiko berdasarkan teori tawakal. SYARIKAT: Jurnal Rumpun Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 335–357.
Ahmad, Z., & Ahad, A. (2020). COVID-19: A study of Islamic and scientific perspectives. Theology and Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2020.1825192
Akkizidis, I., & Khandelwal, S. K. (2008). Financial risk management for Islamic banking and finance. Palgrave Macmillan.
Alhammadi, S., Archer, S., & Asutay, M. (2020). Risk management and corporate governance failures in Islamic banks: A case study. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(10), 1921–1939. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-03-2020-0064
Al-Khudairi, M. (2003). Crisis management: An administrative economic approach to resolving crises at the level of national economy and economic unity (2nd ed.). Madbouly Library.
Al-Momani, N. (2007). Disaster and crisis plans (Disaster and crisis management). The National Library.
Al-Sheikh, B. (2008). The extent to which security and safety departments are ready to face crises and disasters (Unpublished master's thesis). Naïf Arab University for Security Sciences.
Al-Suwailem, S. (2000). Towards an objective measure of gharar. Islamic Economic Studies, 7(1–2), 61–102.
Amanambu, U. E. (2020). Almajiri Islamic practices and the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: Matters arising. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 18(3), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15971.99366
Arta, I. P. S., Satriawan, D. G., Bagiana, I. K., Loppies, Y., Shavab, F. A., Mala, C. M. F., Sayuti, A. M., Safitri, D. A., Berlianty, T., Julike, W., Wicaksono, G., Marietza, F., Kartawinata, B. R., & Utami, F. (2021). Manajemen risiko: Tinjauan teori dan praktis. Widina Bhakti Persada.
Chattha, J. A., Alhabshi, S. M., & Meera, A. K. M. (2020). Risk management with a duration gap approach: Empirical evidence from a cross-country study of dual banking systems. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(6), 1257–1300. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-10-2017-0152
Choudhury, M. A. (2018). Tawhidi Islamic economics in reference to the methodology arising from the Qurʾān and the Sunnah. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 10(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-02-2018-0025
Eid, W., & Kamal, A. (2012). Mapping the risks and risk management practices in Islamic banking (Doctoral dissertation). Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3582/
Elgari, M. A. (2003). Credit risk in Islamic banking and finance. Islamic Economic Studies, 10(2), 1–25.
Elgharbawy, A. (2020). Risk and risk management practices: A comparative study between Islamic and conventional banks in Qatar. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(8), 1555–1581. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-06-2018-0080
Fathi, M. (2002). Getting out of dilemma: The art of crisis management. Islamic Distribution and Publishing House.
Febianto, I. (2012). Adapting risk management for profit and loss sharing financing of Islamic banks institutions. Modern Economy, 3, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2012.31011
Fianto, B. A., Gan, C., & Hu, B. (2019). Financing from Islamic microfinance institutions: Evidence from Indonesia. Agricultural Finance Review, 79(5), 633–645.
Garssen, B., Visser, A., & Pool, G. (2021). Does spirituality or religion positively affect mental health? Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 31(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2020.1729570
Ghobary, B. B., Khodayari-Fard, M., Shokoohi Yekta, M., & Nasafat, M. (2005). Development of reliance on God scale and investigating the relation of reliance on God with anxiety in college students (Unpublished research project). School of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran.
Greuning, H. V., & Iqbal, Z. (2008). Risk analysis for Islamic banks. The World Bank.
Hakim, R., Muslikhati, & Aprilianto, F. (2020). Islamic economics ethics perspective on economic development in the time of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Falah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 5(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.22219/jes.v5i2.14019
Hasanah, U., & Mahya, J. (2023). Memahami manajemen risiko serta landasan hukum dalam agama. NATUJA: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 2(2), 66–79.
Husein, G., & Imbar, R. V. (2015). Analisis manajemen risiko teknologi informasi: Penerapan pada document management system di PT Jabar Telematika (JATEL). Jurnal Teknik dan Sistem Informasi, 1(2), 75–87.
International Electrotechnical Commission. (2019). Risk management—Risk assessment techniques (IEC 31010:2019). https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iec:31010:ed-2:v1:en,fr
Indrawati, N. K., Salim, U., Hadiwidjojo, D., & Syam, N. (2012). Manajemen risiko berbasis spiritual Islam. Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 16(2), 184–208. https://doi.org/10.24034/J25485024.Y2012.V16.I2.217
Indriya. (2020). Konsep tafakkur dalam Al-Qur'an dalam menyikapi coronavirus COVID-19. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar'i, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15050
Javanmard, G. H. (2013). Religious beliefs and resilience in academic students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.638
Kamal, F. (2014). Manajemen risiko dan risiko dalam Islam. Muamalah, 4(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.24256/M.V4I2.781
Kassim, S. H. J., & Rahman, M. (2018). Handling default risks in microfinance: The case of Bangladesh. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 10(4), 363–380.
Khalid, S., & Amjad, S. (2012). Risk management practices in Islamic banks of Pakistan. The Journal of Risk Finance, 13(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265941211203198
Khan, T., & Ahmed, H. (2001). Risk management: An analysis of issues in the Islamic financial industry (Occasional Paper No. 5). Islamic Research and Training Institute.
Lucchetti, G., Góes, L. G., Amaral, S. G., Ganadjian, G. T., Andrade, I., Almeida, P. O. de A., ... Manso, M. E. G. (2020). Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(6), 672–679. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020970996
Maali, B. M., & Atmeh, M. A. (2015). Using social welfare concepts to guarantee Islamic banks' deposits. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 8(2), 134–149.
Maher, A. (2006). General rules for dealing with crises (Crisis management). Alexandria University House.
Mokni, B. S., Echchabi, R., Azouzi, D., & Rachdi, H. (2014). Risk management tools practiced in Islamic banks: Evidence in the MENA region. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 5(1), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-10-2012-0070
Mukhibad, H., Setiawan, D., Aryani, Y. A., & Falikhatun. (2024). Corporate governance and Islamic bank risk: Do the directors' and the Shariah board's diversity attributes matter? Corporate Governance, 24(5), 1213–1234. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2022-0348
Mustafa, J. (2005). Educational administration: New entrances to a new world. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Mutamimah, M., Zaenudin, Z., & Bin Mislan Cokrohadisumarto, W. (2022). Risk management practices of Islamic microfinance institutions to improve their financial performance and sustainability: A study on Baitut Tamwil Muhammadiyah, Indonesia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 14(5), 679–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-06-2021-0099
Negi, A. S., Khanna, A., & Aggarwal, R. (2021). Spirituality as a predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress among engineering students. Journal of Public Health, 29(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01092-2
Nuraini, H. (2022). Manajemen risiko untuk meminimalisir masalah perusahaan. OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 2(3), 339–350.
Oudat, M. S., Ali, B. J. A., Abdelhay, S., Hazaimeh, H. M., Altalay, M. S. R., Marie, A., & El Bannany, M. (2024). The effect of financial risks on the performance of Islamic and commercial banks in UAE. Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9, Article 1250227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.2023.1250227
Pajarianto, H., Kadir, A., Galugu, N., Sari, P., & Februanti, S. (2020). Study from home in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of religiosity, teacher, and parents' support against academic stress. Journal of Talent Development and Excellence, 12(2S), 1791–1807. http://iratde.com/index.php/jtde
Perera, C. K., Pandey, R., & Srivastava, A. K. (2018). Role of religion and spirituality in stress management among nurses. Psychological Studies, 63, 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-018-0454-x
Philip, S., Colburn, A. A. N., Underwood, L., & Bayne, H. (2019). The impact of religion/spirituality on acculturative stress among international students. Journal of College Counseling, 22(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12112
Rozzani, N., Mohamed, I. S., & Syed Yusuf, S. N. (2017). Risk management process: Profiling of Islamic microfinance providers. Research in International Business and Finance, 41, 20–27.
Sakellari, E., Psychogiou, M., Georgiou, A., Papanidi, M., Vlachou, V., & Sapoutzi-Krepia, D. (2018). Exploring religiosity, self-esteem, stress, and depression among students of a Cypriot university. Journal of Religion and Health, 57, 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0410-4
Sartika, A., & Kurniawan, I. N. (2015). Skala tawakal kepada Allah: Pengembangan ukuran psikologis surrender to God dalam perspektif Islam. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 20(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol20.iss2.art3
Setiawan, D., & Mufarihah, S. (2021). Tawakal dalam Al-Qur'an serta implikasinya dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Studi Al-Qur'an, 17(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.21009/JSQ.017.1.01
Shah, S. A. A., Fianto, B. A., Sheikh, A. E., Sukmana, R., Kayani, U. N., & Bin Ridzuan, A. R. (2023). Role of fintech in credit risk management: An analysis of Islamic banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, UAE, and Pakistan. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 14(6), 1128–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-06-2022-0104
Sholihin, M., Zaki, A., & Maulana, A. O. (2018). Do Islamic rural banks consider Islamic morality in assessing credit applications? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(4), 498–513.
Siddiqui, A. (2008). Financial contracts, risk, and performance of Islamic banking. Managerial Finance, 34, 680–694. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350810891001
Sundararajan, V., & Errico, L. (2002). Islamic financial institutions and products in the global financial system: Key issues in risk management and challenges ahead (IMF Working Paper). International Monetary Fund.
Suparmin, A. (2019). Manajemen risiko dalam perspektif Islam. El-Arbah: Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Perbankan Syariah, 2(2), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.34005/elarbah.v2i02.551
Tariq, A. A. (2004). Managing financial risks of sukuk structures (Doctoral dissertation, Loughborough University). http://kantakji.com/media/7829/f216.pdf
Tasri. (2020). Hikmah di tengah wabah virus corona dalam tinjauan hukum Islam. Qiyas, 5(1), 42–50.
Wardiwiyono, S. (2012). Internal control system for Islamic micro financing: An exploratory study of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 5(4), 340–352.
Yun, K., Kim, S., & Awasu, C. R. (2019). Stress and impact of spirituality as a mediator of coping methods among social work college students. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 29(1), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2018.1491918
Zainol, Z., & Hj. Kassim, S. (2012). A critical review of the literature on the rate of return risk in Islamic banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 3(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590811211265948


