Digital Literacy and the Role of Digital Platforms in Addressing Online Gender-Based Violence (KGBO)

Abstract

Online Gender-Based Violence (KGBO) has become one of the most prevalent forms of digital harm affecting young internet users, particularly Generation Z, who are the most active user in online spaces. Although Generation Z is often known as as digitally savvy, prior studies indicate that high frequency of digital use does not always equate to advanced digital literacy, especially in contexts involving safety, privacy, and gender-sensitive issues. This research analyses how digital literacy particularly competencies in information evaluation, online safety, critical communication, and ethical participation influences Gen Z’s capacity to recognize harmful behaviors and utilize available reporting or protection features. The study also explores how digital platforms, including social media networks and online community spaces, contribute to prevention efforts through policy enforcement, algorithmic moderation, and educational initiatives. Findings reveal that higher levels of digital literacy correlate with stronger resilience and proactive responses to KGBO; however, limited platform transparency and inconsistent moderation remain major challenges. The victims experienced various forms of Online Gender-Based Violence (KGBO), ranging from verbal abuse and degrading comments on social media, hacking of Instagram and WhatsApp accounts, and digital stalking threats delivered through private messages that triggered prolonged fear. These experiences demonstrate that KGBO not only threatens victims’ privacy but also endangers their physical and psychological safety. Nevertheless, all survivors were able to take coping and response measures that were directly related to the level of digital literacy they possessed. This study highlights the need for collaborative efforts between users, platform providers, and educational institutions to strengthen digital literacy and enhance platform accountability in combating KGBO.