Enhancing recovery from plyometric circuit training: The synergistic impact of dynamic stretching, BCAA supplementation, and sports massage on DOMS
Keywords:
Stretching, dynamic, BCAA, massage, DOMSAbstract
Understanding the significance of efficient post-exercise recovery methods in alleviating muscle damage and addressing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) among athletes following plyometric circuit training. The study aimed to determine the effect of dynamic stretching in water (active pool-based) and sports massage (SM) on muscle damage indices post-plyometric circuit training. A total of 30 participants were divided into three control groups and one experimental group, who were given two recovery protocols (APB + BCAA and sports massage) after the trial. Data were statistically analysed using a one-way ANOVA test with post-test measurements and a Bonferroni test (P < 0.05). It is concluded that statistically the APB + BCAA post-hoc test with SM did not show any significance. However, on average, APB + BCAA was preferable at reducing DOMS symptoms; measurements 3 and 4 in the intervention groups also showed a significant effect on the control group. The study findings underscore the valuable contribution of active recovery in water and the use of supplements in improving initial recovery outcomes after strenuous exercise or sports, aligning with the exercise recovery principle that highlights the inseparable relationship between nutrition and soft tissue modalities.
Downloads
References
Ali, M. A., Pangestu, B., Rahayu, S., Anggita, G. M., Kurniawati, D. M., Noer, E. R., & Mohamed, A. M. D. (2023). Foam Rolling Reduced Total Creatine Kinase in Acute Muscle Inflammation Following Long-Distance Running. Journal Sport Area, 8(1), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(1).12144
Angelopoulos, P., Diakoronas, A., Panagiotopoulos, D., Tsekoura, M., Xaplanteri, P., Koumoundourou, D., Saki, F., Billis, E., Tsepis, E., & Fousekis, K. (2022). Cold-Water Immersion and Sports Massage Can Improve Pain Sensation but Not Functionality in Athletes with Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. Healthcare, 10(12), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122449
Arroyo-Cerezo, A., Cerrillo, I., Ortega, Á., & Fernández-Pachón, M. S. (2021). Intake of Branched Chain Amino Acids Favors Post-Exercise Muscle Recovery and May Improve Muscle Function: Optimal Dosage Regimens and Consumption Conditions. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 61(11), 1478–1489. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.21.11843-2
Bachasson, D., Landon-Cardinal, O., Benveniste, O., Hogrel, J.-Y., & Allenbach, Y. (2017). Physical Activity Monitoring: A Promising Outcome Measure in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Neurology, 36, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004061
Barnes, M. J. (2023). Nutrition-Based Strategies to Reduce Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness. Nutrients, 15(11), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112523
Beyranvand, R., Sahebozamani, M., Daneshjoo, A., & Seyedjafari, E. (2023). Assessment and comparison the effect of exercise in different depth of water on postural stability and balance recovery strategies of older people: a clinical trial. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 11(6), 1002-1015. https://doi.org/10.32598/SJRM.11.6.12
Biosci, I. J., Almasi, J., Jalalvand, A., & Farokhroo, N. (2014). The Effect of PNF Stretching and Therapeutic Massage Combination Treatment on Markers of Exercise Induced Muscle Damage. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 6655, 217–228. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.4.217-228
Boguszewski, D., Szkoda, S., Adamczyk, J. G., & Białoszewski, D. (2014). Sports Mass Age Therapy on the Reduction of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of the Quadriceps Femoris. Human Movement, 15(4), 234–237. https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2015-0017
Chen, C. H., Chen, T. C., Jan, M. H., & Lin, J. J. (2015). Acute Effects of Static Active or Dynamic Active Stretching on Eccentric-Exercise-Induced Hamstring Muscle Damage. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(3), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0206
Coker, J., Cuthbert, J., Ketchum, J. M., Holicky, R., Huston, T., & Charlifue, S. (2019). Re-Inventing Yourself after Spinal Cord Injury: A Site-Specific Randomized Clinical Trial. Spinal Cord, 57(4), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-018-0230-8
Costello, J. (2013). What Do We Know about Recovery Interventions used in the Management of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness?. OA Sports Medicine, 1(2), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.13172/2053-2040-1-2-909
Dakić, M., Toskić, L., Ilić, V., Đurić, S., Dopsaj, M., & Šimenko, J. (2023). The Effects of Massage Therapy on Sport and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports, 11(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11060110
Davis, H. L., Alabed, S., & Chico, T. J. A. (2020). Effect of Sports Massage on Performance and Recovery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000614. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000614
Diong, J., & Kamper, S. J. (2014). Cold Water Immersion (Cryotherapy) for Preventing Muscle Soreness after Exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(18), 1388–1389. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092433
Dupuy, O., Douzi, W., Theurot, D., Bosquet, L., & Dugué, B. (2018). An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-Exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 9(Apr), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00403
Fares, R. (2022). Effect of Active Recovery Protocols on the Management of Symptoms Related to Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 44(1). 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000654
Fitrianto, A. T., & Prayoga, H. D. (2022). Pengaruh Petrissage, Vibration, Strokes dan Friction terhadap Optimalisasi Pemanasan Latihan Fisik. Jurnal Porkes, 5(2), 462–471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v5i2.6457
Fleckenstein, J., Neuberger, E. W. I., Bormuth, P., Comes, F., Schneider, A., Banzer, W., Fischer, L., & Simon, P. (2021). Investigation of the Sympathetic Regulation in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: Results of an RCT. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 697335. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.697335
Fouré, A., & Bendahan, D. (2017). Is Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation an Efficient Nutritional Strategy to Alleviate Skeletal Muscle Damage? a Systematic Review. Nutrients, 9(10), 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9101047
French, D., & Ronda, L. T. (2022). NSCA’s Essentials of Sport Science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(5), 886. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002910
Galvão-Moreira, L. V., de Castro, L. O., Moura, E. C. R., de Oliveira, C. M. B., Nogueira Neto, J., Gomes, L. M. R. de S., & Leal, P. da C. (2021). Pool-Based Exercise for Amelioration of Pain in Adults with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Modern Rheumatology, 31(4), 904–911. https://doi.org/10.1080/14397595.2020.1829339
Genin, P. M., Dessenne, P., Finaud, J., Pereira, B., Thivel, D., & Duclos, M. (2018). Health and Fitness Benefits but Low Adherence Rate Effect of a 10-Month Onsite Physical Activity Program among Tertiary Employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(9), 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001394
Guo, J., Li, L., Gong, Y., Zhu, R., Xu, J., Zou, J., & Chen, X. (2017). Massage Alleviates Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after Strenuous Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00747
Han, J.-H., Kim, M.-J., Yang, H.-J., Lee, Y.-J., & Sung, Y.-H. (2014). Effects of Therapeutic Massage on Gait and Pain after Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 10(2), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.140106
Harty, P. S., Cottet, M. L., Malloy, J. K., & Kerksick, C. M. (2019). Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review. Sports Medicine - Open, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0176-6
Herda, T. J., Herda, N. D., Costa, P. B., Walter-herda, A. A., Valdez, M., Cramer, J. T., & States, U. (2013). The Effects of Dynamic Stretching on the Passive Properties of the Muscle-Tendon Unit. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(5), 479-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.736632
Hui, T., Petrofsky, J., & Laymon, M. (2014). Agreement with Microcurrent Conductance, Serum Myoglobin, and Diagnostic Ultrasound when Evaluating Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 5(9), 531–539. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2014.59073
Impellizzeri, F. M., Menaspà, P., Coutts, A. J., Kalkhoven, J., & Menaspà, M. J. (2020). Training Load and its Role in Injury Prevention, Part I: back to the Future. Journal of Athletic Training, 55(9), 885–892. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-500-19
Jajtner, A. R., Fragala, M. S., Townsend, J. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Wells, A. J., Fukuda, D. H., Stout, J. R., & Hoffman, J. R. (2014). Mediators of Monocyte Migration in Response to Recovery Modalities Following Resistance Exercise. Mediators of Inflammation, 2014, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/145817
Jalalvand, A., Anbarian, M., & Khorjahani, A. (2012). The Effects of a Combination Treatment (Pre-Exercise Vitamin C & PNF Stretching, Post-Exercise Ultrasound Treatment) on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 18(5), 322–329. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922012000500008
Johnson, R. W. (2022). Alternate Forms of the One-Way ANOVA F and Kruskal–Wallis Test Statistics. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 30(1), 82–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2021.2025177
Kargarfard, M., Lam, E. T. C., Shariat, A., Shaw, I., Shaw, B. S., & Tamrin, S. B. M. (2016). Efficacy of Massage on Muscle Soreness, Perceived Recovery, Physiological Restoration and Physical Performance in Male Bodybuilders. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(10), 959–965. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1081264
Khemtong, C., Kuo, C. H., Chen, C. Y., Jaime, S. J., & Condello, G. (2021). Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Supplementation Attenuate Muscle Damage Markers and Soreness after Resistance Exercise in Trained Males? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 13(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061880
Kume, W., & Yasuda, J. (2020). Acute Effect of the Timing of Resistance Exercise and Nutrient Intake on Muscle Protein Breakdown. Nutrients, 12(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041177
Larkin-Kaiser, K. A., Parr, J. J., Borsa, P. A., & George, S. Z. (2015). Range of Motion as a Predictor of Clinical Shoulder Pain during Recovery from Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness. Journal of Athletic Training, 50(3), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.5.05
Leeder, J., Gissane, C., Van Someren, K., Gregson, W., & Howatson, G. (2012). Cold Water Immersion and Recovery from Strenuous Exercise: A Meta-Analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(4), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090061
Lim, I. S. (2020). Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplement on Knee Peak Torque and Indicators of Muscle Damage Following Isokinetic Exercise-Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. Physical Activity and Nutrition, 24(4), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2020.0025
Lima, C. D., Ruas, C. V., Behm, D. G., & Brown, L. E. (2019). Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 1(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-019-0011-x
Lovato, N., Loch, M., González, A., & Lopes, M. (2015). Adherence to Physical Activity Programs: Characteristics of Participants and Very Assiduous and Less Assiduous. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, 20(2), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.20n2p184
Majhi, M., & Mondal, S. (2021). Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Physical Fitness: a Critical Analysis. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 6(1), 071–075. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.6.1.0010
Manojlović, V., & Erčulj, F. (2019). Using Blood Lactate Concentration to Predict Muscle Damage and Jump Performance Response to Maximal Stretch-Shortening Cycle Exercise. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(4), 581–586. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08346-9
Mantovani, R. F., Borges, M. de O., Sbruzzi, G., & Lima, C. S. (2017). Therapeutic Ultrasound in Muscle Injury Induced by Eccentric Exercise: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Sport Sciences for Health, 13(3), 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0325-6
Mautner, K., & Sussman, W. I. (2016). Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: Illustrative Case with Sonographic Findings. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 15(3), 168–170. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000258
Mrakus, I., Constantini, K., Goldstein, N., Amedi, R., Blumenfeld–Katzir, T., Ben-Eliezer, N., Peled, D., Assaf, Y., Jensen, D., & Constantini, N. W. (2022). Is the Recovery Rate from Exercise-Induced Muscle damage between Young and Middle-aged Active Men Comparable? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 54(9), 547. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000881952.59830.58
Muanjai, P., & Namsawang, J. (2015). Effects of Stretching and Cold-Water Immersion on Functional Signs of Muscle Soreness Following Plyometric Training. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(1), 128-135. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.01021
Naderi, A. (2021). Massage Enhances Recovery Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Older Adults. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 31(3), 623–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13883
Nelson, N. (2013). Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: Is Massage Effective?. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 17(4), 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.002
Nicastro, H., Carnauba, R. A., Massunaga, N. D., da Fonseca, A. B. B., Paschoal, V., Naves, A., & Marques, N. (2014). Are the Bcaas/Leucine Supplementation Effects on Exercise-Induced Muscle damage Related Immunity Response or to HMβ. J Nutr Health Food Sci, 2(2), 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2014.00119
Nikolaidis, M. G. (2017). The Effects of Resistance Exercise on Muscle Damage, Position Sense, and Blood Redox Status in Young and Elderly Individuals. Geriatrics (Switzerland), 2(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics2030020
Opplert, J., & Babault, N. (2018). Acute Effects of Dynamic Stretching on Muscle Flexibility and Performance: An Analysis of the Current Literature. Sports Medicine, 48(2), 299–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0797-9
Paine, T. (2023). The Complete Guide to Sports Massage 4th Edition. Bloomsbury USA.
Patra, R. S., Arovah, N. I., & Graha, A. S. (2023). The Effect of Sports Massage and Active Recovery on Fatigue Parameters among Karate Athletes. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 6(7), 3057–3063. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i7-28
Pearson, A. G., Hind, K., & Macnaughton, L. S. (2023). The Impact of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Recovery from Resistance Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(8), 767–783. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01250-y
Righi, N. C., Schuch, F. B., De Nardi, A. T., Pippi, C. M., de Almeida Righi, G., Puntel, G. O., da Silva, A. M. V., & Signori, L. U. (2020). Effects of Vitamin C on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Muscle Soreness, and Strength Following acute Exercise: Meta-Analyses af Randomized Clinical Trials. European Journal of Nutrition, 59(7), 2827–2839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02215-2
Roberts, L. A., Nosaka, K., Coombes, J. S., & Peake, J. M. (2014). Cold Water Immersion Enhances Recovery of Submaximal Muscle Function after Resistance Exercise. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 307(8), R998–R1008. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2014
Romadhona, N. F., Sari, G. M., & Utomo, D. N. (2019). Comparison of Sport Massage and Combination of Cold Water Immersion with Sport Massage on Decrease of Blood Lactic Acid Level. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1146(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1146/1/012012
Rossato, M., de Souza Bezerra, E., da Silva, D. A. de C. S., Santana, T. A., Malezam, W. R., & Carpes, F. P. (2015). Effects of Cryotherapy on Muscle Damage Markers and Perception of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after Downhill Running: A Pilot Study. Revista Andaluza de Medicina Del Deporte, 8(2), 49–53. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2014.07.003
Ruas, C. V., Latella, C., Taylor, J. L., Haff, G. G., & Nosaka, K. (2022). Comparison Between Eccentric-Only and Coupled Concentric-Eccentric Contractions for Neuromuscular Fatigue and Muscle Damage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(10), 1635–1646. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002959
Ryu, J. H., Paik, I. Y., Woo, J. H., Shin, K. O., Cho, S. Y., & Roh, H. T. (2016). Impact of Different Running distances on Muscle and Lymphocyte DNA Damage in Amateur Marathon Runners. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(2), 450–455. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.450
Sahin, F. B., Kafkas, A. S., Kafkas, M. E., Taşkapan, M. Ç., & Jones, A. M. (2022). The Effect of Active vs Passive Recovery and use of Compression Garments Following a Single Bout of Muscle-Damaging Exercise. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 30(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-210155
Sanjaya, E. J., Ayusari, A. A., Ghozali, D. A., & Wiboworini, B. (2021). Efektivitas Suplementasi Branched-Chain Amino Acid (Bcaa) terhadap timbulnya Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (Doms). Journal of Nutrition College, 10(2), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v10i2.29947
Santos, D. F. da S. dos, Melo Aquino, B. de, Jorge, C. O., Azambuja, G. de, Schiavuzzo, J. G., Krimon, S., Neves, J. dos S., Parada, C. A., & Oliveira-Fusaro, M. C. G. (2017). Muscle Pain Induced by Static Contraction in Rats is Modulated by Peripheral Inflammatory Mechanisms. Neuroscience, 358, 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.041
Setiawan, R., Hikmah, N. F., & Agustina, F. F. (2022). Real-Time Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) Detection in High Intensity Interval Training using Artificial Neural Network. 2022 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications: Advanced Innovations of Electrical Systems for Humanity, ISITIA 2022 - Proceeding, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISITIA56226.2022.9855209
Sonkodi, B., Kopa, Z., & Nyirády, P. (2021). Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): do they have Anything in Common?. Cells, 10(8), 1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10081867
Sørensen, L. B., Gazerani, P., & Graven-Nielsen, T. (2019). Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Muscle Hyperalgesia Facilitates Ischaemic Contraction-Evoked Pain. European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom), 23(10), 1814–1825. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1455
Souza-Silva, E., Christensen, S. W., Hirata, R. P., Larsen, R. G., & Graven-Nielsen, T. (2018). Blood Flow after Contraction and Cuff Occlusion is Reduced in Subjects with Muscle Soreness after Eccentric Exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 28(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12905
Takahashi, J., Ishihara, K., & Aoki, J. (2006). Effect of Aqua Exercise on Recovery of Lower Limb Muscles after Downhill Running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(8), 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500141737
Tejero-Fernández, V., Membrilla-Mesa, M., Galiano-Castillo, N., & Arroyo-Morales, M. (2015). Immunological Effects of Massage after Exercise: a Systematic Review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 16(2), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.07.001
Theanthong, A., Rungthai, R., Arkarapanthu, A., & Chentanez, T. (2012). The Effects of Six Weeks of Deep-Water Running after Soccer Practice Combined with Plyometric Training on Indirect Symptoms of Muscle Damage. Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science, 46(3), 501–513. https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/anres/article/view/242903
Torre, M. F., Martinez-Ferran, M., Vallecillo, N., Jiménez, S. L., Romero-Morales, C., & Pareja-Galeano, H. (2021). Supplementation with Vitamins C and E and Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants, 10(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020279
Torres, R., Ribeiro, F., Alberto Duarte, J., & Cabri, J. M. H. (2012). Evidence of the Physiotherapeutic Interventions used Currently after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.07.005
Ware, L. J., Rennie, K. L., & Schutte, A. E. (2018). Monitoring Physical Activity after a Cardiovascular Event: what is ‘Fit’ for Purpose?. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 25(2), 220–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487317744052
Waters-Banker, C., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., Kitzman, P. H., & Butterfield, T. A. (2014). Investigating the Mechanisms of Massage Efficacy: the Role of Mechanical Immunomodulation. Journal of Athletic Training, 49(2), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.25
Weber, M. G., Dias, S. S., de Angelis, T. R., Fernandes, E. V., Bernardes, A. G., Milanez, V. F., Jussiani, E. I., & de Paula Ramos, S. (2021). The use of BCAA to decrease delayed-onset muscle soreness after a single bout of exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Amino Acids, 53(11), 1663–1678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03089-2
Wheeler, A. A., & Jacobson, B. H. (2013). Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness, Flexibility, and Power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(9), 2527–2532. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827fd618
Xie, J., Fu, M., Liu, T., Li, S., Liu, G., Wang, J., Ji, C., & Zhang, T. (2023). Clinical Studies on the Electric Automatic Massage Therapy for Recovery of Acute Sports Fatigue. Technology and Health Care : Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine, 31(S1), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-236016
Yu, S., Lin, L., Liang, H., Lin, M., Deng, W., Zhan, X., Fu, X., & Liu, C. (2022). Gender Difference in Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Flexibility and Stiffness of Hamstring Muscle. Frontiers in Physiology, 13(July), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.918176
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. Copyrights of all materials published in Journal Sport Area are freely available without charge to users or / institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, search, or link to full-text articles in this journal without asking by giving appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. All of the remix, transform, or build upon the material must distribute the contributions under the same license as the original.
Accepted 2023-10-14
Published 2023-10-20