Comprehensive study on elementary school children’s 24-hours movement guidelines in physical education class

https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).12928

Authors

  • Yusra Dinafi Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
  • Adhe Saputra Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-4794
  • Ahmad Muzaffar Department of Sport Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia

Keywords:

Physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, 24-hour movement guideline

Abstract

Sedentary behavior changes during the pandemic caused a crucial reduction in the need for physical education and the time involved in physical activity so all parents and teachers at school experienced this challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the 24-hours movement guidelines, sleep quality, and screen time during and after the pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional method with an observational approach. The total subjects in this study were 1070 elementary school students with an average age of 10.69 ± 0.83 years, body weight 37.32 ± 10.57 kg, and height 139.66 ± 9.78 cm. The results showed that after the pandemic, children's playing habits outdoors and sleep duration increased sharply as the time in front of the screen decreased, although they tended to be the same as during the pandemic. Thus, it is hoped that these findings can serve as a reference for parents and teachers in schools to adopt a healthy lifestyle by prioritizing physical activity compared to using screens. so that habits during a pandemic can be overcome and students can improve their fitness levels. This investigation is limited to Jambi and its surrounding areas. Additional research can investigate the rise in the number of elementary school and respondents, as well as expand the scope to include the province, island, and country of Indonesia. This study findings may assist in restoring the physical activity behaviors of elementary school-aged children whose well-being is presently being compromised by excessive screen time, so that habits during a pandemic can be overcome and students can improve their fitness levels.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alvarez, C., Paredes-Arévalo, L., Obando, I., Leal, M., Avila, Y., Sadarangani, K. P., Delgado-Floody, P., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., & Izquierdo, M. (2021). Consequences of Low Sleep Duration in Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters of Chilean Preschoolers. Children, 8(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010008

Arif, Y. (2020). Identification of Jasmani Physical Fitness Through (TKJI) Children Age 10-12 Years in Class V Students Of SD Inpres Bertingkat Kelapa Lima 1, 2 and 3 Kupang Cities. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 4(2), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v4i2.11430

Arufe-GirÁldez, Ví., Sanmiguel-Rodríguez, A., Zagalaz-SÁnchez, M. L., CachÓn-Zagalaz, J., & GonzÁlez-Valero, G. (2020). Sleep, Physical Activity and Screens In 0-4 Years Spanish Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Were the WHO Recommendations Met? Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.02

Bhargava, M., & Raghuveer, P. (2016). Physical Activity and Sedentary Lifestyle Towards Teenagers’ Overweight/Obesity Status. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(3), 988–988. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20160942

Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., & Tremblay, M. S. (2017). Health Associations with Meeting New 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Canadian Children and Youth. Preventive Medicine, 95, 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.005

Celis-Morales, C. A., Lyall, D. M., Steell, L., Gray, S. R., Iliodromiti, S., Anderson, J., Mackay, D. F., Welsh, P., Yates, T., Pell, J. P., Sattar, N., & Gill, J. M. R. (2018). Associations of Discretionary Screen Time with Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer are Attenuated by Strength, Fitness and Physical Activity: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1063-1

Chia, M. Y. H., Tay, L. Y., & Chua, T. B. K. (2020). Quality of Life and Meeting 24-h WHO Guidelines Among Preschool Children in Singapore. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48(3), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00987-9

Cliff, D. P., McNeill, J., Vella, S. A., Howard, S. J., Santos, R., Batterham, M., Melhuish, E., Okely, A. D., & De Rosnay, M. (2017). Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years and associations with social-cognitive development among Australian preschool children. BMC Public Health, 17(5), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4858-7

Decraene, M., Verbestel, V., Cardon, G., Iotova, V., Koletzko, B., Moreno, L. A., Miguel-Berges, M. L., Gurzkowska, B., Androutsos, O., Manios, Y., & De Craemer, M. (2021). Compliance with The 24-Hour Movement Behavior Guidelines and Associations with Adiposity in European Preschoolers: Results from the Toybox-Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147499

Fauziah, P. Y., Kusumawardani, E., Nopembri, S., Mulyawan, R., Susilowati, I. H., Nugraha, S., Alimoeso, S., Hasiholan, B. P., Fauzi, L., Cahyati, W. H., Rahayu, T., Chua, T. B. K., & Chia, M. Y. H. (2022). Play–Sleep Nexus in Indonesian Preschool Children before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710695

Ghram, A., Briki, W., Mansoor, H., Al-Mohannadi, A. S., Lavie, C. J., & Chamari, K. (2021). Home-Based Exercise can be Beneficial for Counteracting Sedentary Behavior and Physical Inactivity during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Older Adults. In Postgraduate Medicine,133(5), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1860394

Guan, H., Okely, A. D., Aguilar-Farias, N., del Pozo Cruz, B., Draper, C. E., El Hamdouchi, A., Florindo, A. A., Jáuregui, A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kontsevaya, A., Löf, M., Park, W., Reilly, J. J., Sharma, D., Tremblay, M. S., & Veldman, S. L. C. (2020). Promoting Healthy Movement Behaviours among Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(6), 416–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30131-0

Howie, E. K., Joosten, J., Harris, C. J., & Straker, L. M. (2020). Associations Between Meeting Sleep, Physical Activity or Screen Time Behaviour Guidelines and Academic Performance in Australian School Children. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08620-w

Hyunshik, K., Jiameng, M., Sunkyoung, L., & Ying, G. (2021). Change in Japanese Children’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Mental Health during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01803-4

Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264-266.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013

Knell, G., Durand, C. P., Kohl, H. W., Wu, I. H. C., & Pettee Gabriel, K. (2019). Prevalence and Likelihood of Meeting Sleep, Physical Activity, and Screen-Time Guidelines Among US Youth. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(4), 387–389. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4847

Kovacs, V. A., Starc, G., Brandes, M., Kaj, M., Blagus, R., Leskošek, B., Suesse, T., Dinya, E., Guinhouya, B. C., Zito, V., Rocha, P. M., Gonzalez, B. P., Kontsevaya, A., Brzezinski, M., Bidiugan, R., Kiraly, A., Csányi, T., & Okely, A. D. (2022). Physical Activity, Screen Time and the Covid-19 School Closures in Europe–An Observational Study in 10 Countries. European Journal of Sport Science, 22(7), 1094–1103. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1897166

Lee, E.-Y., Spence, J. C., Tremblay, M. S., & Carson, V. (2018). Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth and Associations with Psychological Well-Being among South Korean Adolescents. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 14, 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.02.001

Marasso, D., Lupo, C., Collura, S., Rainoldi, A., & Brustio, P. R. (2021). Subjective Versus Objective Measure of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Convergent Validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073413

Mocanu, G. D., Murariu, G., Iordan, D. A., Sandu, I., & Munteanu, M. O. A. (2021). The Perception of the Online Teaching Process during the Covid-19 Pandemic for the Students of the Physical Education and Sports Domain. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(12), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125558

Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J. C., Vanderloo, L. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Virus Outbreak on Movement and Play Behaviours of Canadian Children and Youth: A National Survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8

Nopembri, S., Mulyawan, R., Fauziah, P. Y., Kusumawardani, E., Susilowati, I. H., Fauzi, L., Cahyati, W. H., Rahayu, T., Chua, T. B. K., & Chia, M. Y. H. (2023). Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children—An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031659

Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D’Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., Malow, B. A., Maski, K., Nichols, C., Quan, S. F., Rosen, C. L., Troester, M. M., & Wise, M. S. (2016). Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the Recommended amount of Sleep for Healthy Children: Methodology and Discussion. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12(11), 1549–1561. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6288

Pavlovic, A., DeFina, L. F., Natale, B. L., Thiele, S. E., Walker, T. J., Craig, D. W., Vint, G. R., Leonard, D., Haskell, W. L., & Kohl, H. W. (2021). Keeping Children Healthy during and after Covid-19 Pandemic: Meeting Youth Physical Activity Needs. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10545-x

Permana, R. (2016). Penguasaan Rangkaian Tes Kebugran Jasmani Indonesia (TKJI) melalui Diskusi dan Simulasi. Reflikasi Edukatika, 6(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.24176/re.v6i2.603

Stienwandt, S., Cameron, E. E., Soderstrom, M., Casar, M., Le, C., & Roos, L. E. (2022). Family Factors Associated with Hands-On Play and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Child and Youth Care Forum, 51(6), 1091–1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4

Tapia-Serrano, M. A., Sevil-Serrano, J., & Sánchez-Miguel, P. A. (2021). Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Spanish Adolescents: Differences between Boys and Girls. Children, 8(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020095

Tremblay, M. S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Saunders, T. J., Carson, V., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Chastin, S. F. M., Altenburg, T. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Aminian, S., Arundell, L., Hinkley, T., Hnatiuk, J., Atkin, A. J., Belanger, K., Chaput, J. P., Gunnell, K., Larouche, R., Manyanga, T., … Wondergem, R. (2017). Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology Consensus Project Process and Outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8

Tremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J. P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Grube, R., Janson, K., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kho, M. E., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., LeBlanc, C., Okely, A. D., Olds, T., Pate, R. R., Phillips, A., … Zehr, L. (2016). Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: an Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(6), S311–S327. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0151

Tremblay, M. S., Leblanc, A. G., Kho, M. E., Saunders, T. J., Larouche, R., Colley, R. C., Goldfield, G., & Gorber, S. C. (2011). Systematic Review of Sedentary Behaviour and Health Indicators in School-Aged Children and Youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-98

Trina, H., Helen, B., Valerie, C., & Megan, T. (2018). Cross Sectional Associations of Screen Time and Outdoor Play with Social Skills in Preschool Children. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193700

Wang, G. H., Zhang, Y. T., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the Effects of Home Confinement on Children during the Covid-19 Outbreak. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science), 40(3), 279–281. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2020.03.001

Xiang, M., Zhang, Z., & Kuwahara, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents’ Lifestyle Behavior Larger than Expected. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(4), 531–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013

Xu, H., Wen, L. M., Hardy, L. L., & Rissel, C. (2016). A 5-Year Longitudinal Analysis of Modifiable Predictors for Outdoor Play and Screen-Time of 2- to 5-Year-Olds. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0422-6

Published

2023-10-02

How to Cite

Dinafi, Y., Saputra, A., & Muzaffar, A. (2023). Comprehensive study on elementary school children’s 24-hours movement guidelines in physical education class. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 371–379. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).12928

Issue

Section

RESEARCH ARTICLES
Received 2023-05-24
Accepted 2023-09-13
Published 2023-10-02