The impact of social interactions on organisational performance in sports: A case study of Ambon City's sports organisations
Keywords:
Social interaction, organisational performance, culture, sports organisationsAbstract
Studying the impact of social interactions on sports organisations’ performance in Ambon City remains a relatively unexplored area. This research aims to address this gap by investigating the influence of social interactions among administrators, coaches, and athletes on sports organisations' performance. Additionally, it explores the disparity in performance levels between individual and team sports. The study focused on sport administrators in Ambon City affiliated with the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI). Fifteen participants were selected through purposive sampling, comprising administrators, coaches, and athletes from various sports branches, including athletics, taekwondo, boxing, water skiing, and football. Findings suggest that sports organisation management in Ambon City has not yet achieved optimal levels of effectiveness and facilitation, affecting the dynamics of group sports in particular. Team sports display a higher dependency on teamwork and board roles, notably the coach’s role. Despite suboptimal management, athletes retain the freedom to determine their paths to success or achievement. However, an imbalance exists between expectations and obligations in social relationships, except for the coach-athlete relationship. In summary, this study sheds light on the role of social interactions in sports organisations’ performance and highlights the differences between individual and team sports in Ambon City. These insights may serve as a foundation for more effective management strategies to enhance sports organisations’ performance in the future.
Downloads
References
Afthinos, Y., Kiaffas, Z., & Afthinos, T. (2022). The Serious Game “Top Eleven” as an Educational Simulation Platform for Acquiring Knowledge and Skills in the Management of Sports Clubs. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 27(1), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09573-8
Aspers, P., & Corte, U. (2019). What is Qualitative in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Sociology, 42(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7
Bates, S., Greene, D., & O’Quinn, L. (2021). Virtual Sport-Based Positive Youth Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 38(4), 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-021-00774-9
Bobato Tozetto, A. V., Galatti, L. R., Do Nascimento, J. V., & Milistetd, M. (2019). Strategies for Coaches’ Development in a Football Club: a Learning Organization. Motriz. Revista de Educacao Fisica, 25(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201900020010
Boix-Fayos, C., Martínez-López, J., Albaladejo, J., & de Vente, J. (2023). Finding Common Grounds for Conflict Resolution Through Value Analysis of Stakeholders around the Socio-Ecological Crisis of The Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon (Spain). Landscape and Urban Planning, 238, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104829
Canales-Lacruz, I., & Rovira, G. (2021). Social Interaction and Group Work in Corporal Expression Activities. Research in Dance Education, 22(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647893.2020.1808606
Castañer, X., & Oliveira, N. (2020). Collaboration, Coordination, and Cooperation among Organizations: Establishing the Distinctive Meanings of These Terms Through a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Management, 46(6), 965–1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320901565
Clutterbuck, G. L., Auld, M. L., & Johnston, L. M. (2020). SPORTS STARS: A Practitioner-Led, Peer-Group Sports Intervention for Ambulant Children with Cerebral Palsy. Activity and Participation Outcomes of a Randomised Controlled Trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 0(0), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1783376
Costa, R. J. S., Gaskell, S. K., McCubbin, A. J., & Snipe, R. M. J. (2020). Exertional-Heat Stress-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations during Olympic Sports: Management Strategies for Athletes Preparing and Competing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Temperature, 7(1), 58–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2019.1597676
Czupich, M. (2020). Sport as an Instrument of Social Development-the Example of London. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(5), 2875–2882. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s5390
D’agati, P. A. (2018). Surrogate War: Politics of Conflict in Sports and Space. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10(3), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2017.1410208
Daykin, N., Mansfield, L., Meads, C., Gray, K., Golding, A., Tomlinson, A., & Victor, C. (2021). The Role of Social Capital in Participatory Arts for Wellbeing: Findings from a Qualitative Systematic Review. Arts and Health, 13(2), 134–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2020.1802605
Di Bartolomeo, G., & Papa, S. (2019). The Effects of Physical Activity on Social Interactions: The Case of Trust and Trustworthiness. Journal of Sports Economics, 20(1), 50–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002517717299
Dolan, P., & Connolly, J. (2016). Sport, Unity and Conflict: an Enduring Social Dynamic. European Journal for Sport and Society, 13(3), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2016.1229836
Fenanlampir, A. (2020). Conflict Management Model of Organization from Molucca’s Cultural Perspective. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.4.38
Fernandez-Rio, J., & Casey, A. (2021). Sport Education as a Cooperative Learning Endeavour. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(4), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1810220
Filho, E., Tenenbaum, G., & Yang, Y. (2015). Cohesion, Team Mental Models, and Collective Efficacy: Towards an Integrated Framework of Team Dynamics in Sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(6), 641–653. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.957714
Gibbons, T., Watson, N. J., & Mierzwinski, M. (2019). Christianity as Public Religion: a Justification for using a Christian Sociological Approach for Studying the Social Scientific aspects of Sport. Sport in Society, 22(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2017.1360565
Gosai, J., Jowett, S., & Nascimento-Júnior, J. R. A. Do. (2023). When Leadership, Relationships and Psychological Safety Promote Flourishing in Sport and Life. Sports Coaching Review, 12(2), 145–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2021.1936960
Gröpel, P., Wegner, M., & Schüler, J. (2016). Achievement Motive and Sport Participation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.08.007
Gusdernawati, A., & Widiyanto. (2021). The Role of Family and Social Media in Athlete Social Interactions. Journal Sport Area, 6(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2021.vol6(2).6347
Hebard, S. P., Oakes, L. R., Davoren, A. K., Milroy, J. J., Redman, J., Ehrmann, J., & Wyrick, D. L. (2021). Transformational Coaching and Leadership: Athletic Administrators’ Novel Application of Social and Emotional Competencies in High School Sports. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 14(3), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrit-01-2021-0006
Hekmati, M., Dinani, M. M., & Seyed Hosseini, R. N. (2020). Designing a Model for Development of Women Sports with an Emphasis on Sports as a Social Phenomenon: What do We Need? Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.171.11
Hoye, R., Parent, M. M., Taks, M., Naraine, M. L., Seguin, B., & Thompson, A. (2020). Design Archetype Utility for Understanding and Analyzing the Governance of Contemporary National Sport Organizations. Sport Management Review, 23(4), 576–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.10.002
Ingrell, J., Johnson, U., & Ivarsson, A. (2020). Achievement Goals in Youth Sport and the Influence of Coaches, Peers, and Parents: a Longitudinal Study. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 570–590. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.153.09
Izquierdo, C., & Anguera, M. T. (2021). The Analysis of Interpersonal Communication in Sport from Mixed Methods Strategy: the Integration of Qualitative-Quantitative Elements using Systematic Observation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637304
Kao, S., Hsieh, M., & Lee, P. (2018). Coaching Competency and Trust in Coach in Sport Teams. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 12(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954117710508
Kirkland, A., & Cowley, J. (2023). An Exploration of Context and Learning in Endurance Sports Coaching. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1147475
Kokun, O., Serdiuk, L., & Shamych, O. (2021). Personal Characteristics Supporting Paralympic Athletes’ Self-Realization in Sports. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(2), 435–444. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.162.17
Lewańczyk, A. M., Langham-Walsh, E., Edwards, L., Branney, P., Walters, E. R., Mitchell, P., & Vaportzis, E. (2023). Back Onside protocol: A physical activity intervention to improve health outcomes in people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment. Evaluation and Program Planning, 97, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102204
Loranca-Valle, C., Cuesta-Valiño, P., Núnez-Barriopedro, E., & Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, P. (2021). Management of Loyalty and Its Main Antecedents in Sport Organizations: A Systematic Analysis Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783781
Mašić, S., Causevic, D., Doder, I., Hodzic, A., Talović, M., Mašala, A., & Tabaković, A. (2021). Perception of Conflict between Athletes and Coaches: A Systematic Review. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 7(2), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.930234
McClanahan, K. J. (2020). Viva La Evolution: Using Dual-Strategies Theory to Explain Leadership in Modern Organizations. Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101315
Morgan, A., & Wilk, V. (2021). Sport Organizations and Reconciliation in Australia. Sport in Society, 0(0), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.1934451
Mujika, I., Halson, S., Burke, L. M., Balagué, G., & Farrow, D. (2018). An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(5), 538–561. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093
Nørreklit, H., & Trenca, M. (2021). Performance Management in a Milieu of Customer Participatory Measurement: Beyond the Ratings and Rankings of Strictly Come Dancing. British Accounting Review, 53(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100873
O’Leary, L. (2021). Independence and Impartiality of Sports Disputes Resolution in the UK. International Sports Law Journal, 21(4), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40318-021-00189-9
Olademo, O., Omotoye, R. W., Ikibe, S. O., Ibraheem, L. O., Tijani, Y. O., Abubakre, S. O., Adebisi, A. A., Aboyeji, A. J., Fahm, A. O., & Adimula, R. A. (2021). Internal Mechanisms as Tools for Conflict Resolution: a Case Study on Share-Tsaragi, Nigeria. Heliyon, 7(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05974
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K., Angeles, L., & Northwest, K. P. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(2), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Qiu, H., & Freel, M. (2020). Managing Family-Related Conflicts in Family Businesses: A Review and Research Agenda. Family Business Review, 33(1), 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519893223
Raffalt, P. C., Fillingsnes Marker, I., Adler, A. T., & Alkjaer, T. (2021). Dynamics of Postural Control in Elite Sport Rifle Shooters. Journal of Motor Behavior, 53(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2020.1723478
Ranaweera, J., Weaving, D., Zanin, M., & Roe, G. (2022). Identifying the Current State and Improvement Opportunities in the Information Flows Necessary to Manage Professional Athletes: A Case Study in Rugby Union. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.882516
Riatti, P., & Thiel, A. (2022). The Societal Impact of Electronic Sport: A Scoping Review. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 52(3), 433–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00784-w
Robertson, J., & Constandt, B. (2021). Moral Disengagement and Sport Integrity: Identifying and Mitigating Integrity Breaches in Sport Management. European Sport Management Quarterly, 21(5), 714–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1945122
Saputra, M. F. B., Kristiyanto, A., & Doewes, M. (2019). Management Analysis of Indonesian Petanque Federation Province (FOPI) Central Java in Supporting Sports Achievement in Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(2), 837. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.895
Sauer, P., & Ed, D. (2017). Interpersonal Relationships in Sport Groups. International Journal of Sports and Physical Education, 3(2), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6380.0302002
Schwery, R., & Cade, D. (2009). Sport as a Social Laboratory to Cure Anomie and Prevent Violence. European Sport Management Quarterly, 9(4), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740903331895
Seippel, Ø., Dalen, H. B., Sandvik, M. R., & Solstad, G. M. (2018). From Political Sports to Sports Politics: on Political Mobilization of Sports Issues. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10(4), 669–686. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2018.1501404
Simpson, R. A. C., Didymus, F. F., & Williams, T. L. (2023). Interpersonal Psychological Well-Being among Coach-Athlete-Sport Psychology Practitioner Triads. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 67, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102435
Smith, M., & Arthur, C. (2021). Understanding Coach-Athlete Conflict : an Ethnodrama to Illustrate Conflict in Elite Sport. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 00(00), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2021.1946130
Smith, R., Spaaij, R., & McDonald, B. (2019). Migrant Integration and Cultural Capital in the Context of Sport and Physical Activity: a Systematic Review. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 20(3), 851–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-018-0634-5
Steinmann, A., Jaitner, D., & Himmelseher, N. (2020). “One Aspect of the Coaching Business.” Function and Role of Sports Physiotherapists from the Perspective of Coaches in German Elite Athletics. Sports Coaching Review, 9(3), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2019.1657680
Tait, M. K., & Brunson, M. W. (2021). Evaluating Cooperative Interactions and the Roles Organizations Play in Cross-Boundary Stewardship. Society and Natural Resources, 34(7), 925–942. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.1900964
Tamminen, K. A., Kim, J., Danyluck, C., McEwen, C. E., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Wolf, S. A. (2021). The Effect of Self- and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation on Athletes’ Anxiety and Goal Achievement in Competition. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102034
Thiel, A. (2018). World University Subject Rankings: a Threat for the Sociology of Sport?. European Journal for Sport and Society, 15(2), 114–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2018.1474544
Tran, S. K. (2017). GOOGLE: a Reflection of Culture, Leader, and Management. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-017-0021-0
Umarella, M. R., Baiquni, M., Murti, S. H., & Marfai, M. A. (2020). Local Residents’ Sense of Autonomy Towards Marine-Based Adventure Tourism Development in Ambon. E3S Web of Conferences, 200, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020003006
Vale, L., & Fernandes, T. (2018). Social Media and Sports: Driving fan Engagement with Football Clubs on Facebook. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 26(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2017.1359655
Vaughan, J., Mallett, C. J., Davids, K., Potrac, P., & López-Felip, M. A. (2019). Developing Creativity to Enhance Human Potential in Sport: A Wicked Transdisciplinary Challenge. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02090
Wachsmuth, S, Jowett, S., & Harwood, C. G. (2020). Third Party Interventions in Coach-Athlete Conflict: can Sport Psychology Practitioners offer the Necessary Support?. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(1), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1723737
Wachsmuth, Svenja, Jowett, S., & Harwood, C. G. (2017). Conflict among Athletes and Their Coaches: What is the Theory and Research so Far?. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 84–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1184698
Wang, Y., & Hu, T. (2017). Transformational Leadership Behavior and Turnover Intention in China Physical Education. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 13(9), 6357–6368. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.01070a
Yang, J., Ju, F. Y., & Tian, Z. G. (2022). Sports and Social Interaction: Sports Experiences and Attitudes of the Urban Running Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114412
Yusoff, M. R. F., & Muhamad, T. A. (2018). The Leadership Approaches by Football Coaches That Are Favored by the Profesional Football Players in Malaysia. Creative Education, 09(14), 2341–2349. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.914174
Zhang, P., Lu, T., Liu, B., Gu, H., & Gu, N. (2020). Understanding Social Interaction across Social Network Sites. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 36(19), 1818–1833. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1794624
Zheng, J., Lau, P. W. C., Chen, S., Dickson, G., De Bosscher, V., & Peng, Q. (2019). Interorganisational Conflict between National and Provincial Sport Organisations within China’s Elite Sport System: Perspectives from National Organisations. Sport Management Review, 22(5), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.10.002
Zhou, R., & Kaplanidou, K. (2018). Building Social Capital from Sport Event Participation: an Exploration of the Social Impacts of Participatory Sport Events on the Community. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.11.001
Zhou, R., Kaplanidou, K., & Wegner, C. (2021). Social Capital from Sport Event Participation: Scale Development and Validation. Leisure Studies, 40(5), 612–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1916832
Zuber, C., Schmid, M. J., & Conzelmann, A. (2020). Achievement-Motivated Behavior in Individual Sports: Evidence for the Construct and Criterion Validity of the AMBIS-I Coach-Rating Scale. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 19(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.135898
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Albertus Fenanlampir, Yasmu Budiatin, Bahmid Hasbullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium. Copyrights of all materials published in Journal Sport Area are freely available without charge to users or / institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, search, or link to full-text articles in this journal without asking by giving appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. All of the remix, transform, or build upon the material must distribute the contributions under the same license as the original.
Accepted 2023-10-24
Published 2023-11-13