Analysis of Earthquake Risk Zones Using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Method at Vital Objects of Radin Inten II Airport, Natar Market, and Branti Market

Muhammad Aditya; Nandi Haerudin; Nanda Hanyfa Maulida

Authors

Muhammad Aditya Geophysical Engineering, University of Lampung, Gedong Meneng, Kec. Rajabasa, Kota Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.
Nandi Haerudin Geophysical Engineering, University of Lampung, Gedong Meneng, Kec. Rajabasa, Kota Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.
Nanda Hanyfa Maulida Geophysical Engineering, University of Lampung, Gedong Meneng, Kec. Rajabasa, Kota Bandar Lampung, Indonesia.

Keywords:

HVSR, dominant frequency, amplification, Vs30, seismic vulnerability, earthquake risk zone

Abstract

South Lampung, Indonesia, lies within the tectonically active Indo-Australian–Eurasian subduction zone, influenced by the Lampung-Panjang and Menanga Faults. Volcanic and volcaniclastic lithologies overlying thick alluvial sediments increase seismic amplification potential. This region hosts critical infrastructure including airports and markets, but seismic hazard at these sites has not been comprehensively evaluated. Therefore, this study aims to assess seismic hazard at three critical infrastructure sites: Radin Inten II Airport, Natar Market, and Branti Market. The earthquake hazard zones were analyzed using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method, which effectively estimates site resonance frequency ( ), amplification ( ), and shear-wave velocity ( ) without requiring active seismic sources or boreholes, making it ideal for rapid microzonation in urban-vital areas. Unlike previous HVSR studies in Lampung that focused on single-parameter ( ) mapping, this study integrates five parameters ( , , , , and ) to produce a multi-criteria hazard classification. Microtremor data were collected from 25 measurement sites using the Seismometer Rakyat Indonesia (SRI) and processed using Geopsy, Excel, and MATLAB. These analyses yielded dominant frequency ( ) ranging from 0.6-14 Hz, amplification factor ( ) from 0.8-5.2, dominant period ( ) from 0.07-1.6 s, seismic vulnerability index ( ) from 0.06-3.9 cm/s², and shear-wave velocity up to a depth of 30 meters ( ) from 254-1433 m/s. These parameters were then spatially integrated to assess the seismic hazard level at each study site, with and as primary classifiers and , , as corroborating indicators. The results showed that Radin Inten II Airport and Branti Market exhibit stable seismic characteristics with high dominant frequencies (>6 Hz), low amplification (<3), short dominant periods (<0.25 s), low (<1 cm/s²), and high values (>350 m/s), thus categorizing them as low-risk zones. Meanwhile, Natar Market is located within an area showing moderate dominant frequency (4-6.67 Hz) and amplification (3-6), along with a longer dominant period (0.25-0.4 s) and high values (>350 m/s), placing it in a medium-risk zone. These findings provide a scientific basis for site-specific seismic risk mitigation at critical infrastructure in South Lampung.

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