Seawater Curing Effects on the Long-Term Performance of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFAC)

Yohans Sunarno; Savitri Prasandi Mullyani; Parea Rusan Rangan; Miswar Tumpu

doi:10.25299/jgeet.2026.11.3.22595

Authors

Yohans Sunarno Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Bosowa University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Savitri Prasandi Mullyani Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Bosowa University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Parea Rusan Rangan Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Christian Indonesia Toraja, Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Miswar Tumpu Disaster Management Study Program, The Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2026.11.3.22595

Keywords:

seawater curing, fly ash, HFVAC, longterm performance, compressive strength

Abstract

As a maritime nation, Indonesia has many concrete buildings that interact directly with the marine environment. Concrete must be designed to withstand seawater's deteriorative effects on strength and durability of material. This study's objective was to analyze the influence of immersion in seawater on the performance of concrete with 50% fly ash as a supplementary binder material. Three variants of concrete mixes, Fc 22.5, Fc 25, and Fc 30, each with 50% fly ash, were formed into cylindrical specimens and treated by curing in fresh water and seawater. The compressive strength of each specimen was assessed at ages 28, 90, and 120 days. The compressive strength test results of Fc 22.5 with curing treatment in freshwater were 22.0, 26.3, and 27.9 MPa. Conversely, when subjected to seawater curing, the compressive strength values were recorded as 20.3, 25.9, and 27.6 MPa. The results of Fc 25 compressive strength in freshwater curing based on age are (MPa): 27.3, 30.3, and 31.5, while seawater curing produced compressive strengths of (MPa): 25.2, 28.2, and 29.9. In freshwater curing, the Fc 30 compressive strength values were (MPa): 30.1, 33.0, and 33.7, while in seawater curing, the Fc 30 compressive strength values were (MPa): 28.3, 30.1, and 31.3. It was concluded that the compressive strength of concrete with 50% fly ash treated with seawater curing method was lower than that of freshwater curing method at 28, 90, and 120 days. The substitution of cement content with 50% fly ash causes the compressive strength of concrete to continue to increase after 28 days until 120 days of age

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