THE ROLE OF ZAKAT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BY BAZNAS LAMPUNG IN EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES THROUGH ALTERNATING LIVESTOCK PROGRAM (STUDY ON CENTRAL LAMPUNG REGENCY)

Zakat distributed to mustahik (those entitled to zakat) will affect their economy if the distribution is mainly focused on productive business. In this study, the researchers wanted to know the extent of the role of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) through the provision of alternating livestock programs promoted by BAZNAZ (The National Board of Zakat) Lampung to empower the community. This research is a field study by employing a mixed-method or a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection techniques employed were observations, interviews, questionnaires, and supporting documents. There were 27 respondents as the population and sample of this study consisted of 27 respondents as well or the entire population in this study. Based on the results of the analysis, a significant value of 0.105>0.05 was obtained. Then, it can be interpreted that the role of ZCD has not affected community empowerment due to the lack of supervision, control, and evaluation of the BAZNAZ Lampung through the revolving livestock program. This is in contrast to the expectation that the provision of capital can improve the welfare of the community and turn mustahik into muzakki (those who obliges to pay zakat).


INTRODUCTION
One of the problems faced by the Indonesian government or the state is poverty.
The government cannot overcome or solve this problem yet. Zakat is an Islamic method of distributing income and wealth. Zakat is not merely an obligation for Muslims since it also contains the elements of human relations or habluminannas which is a very important social value. In Islam, income equality has been suggested through the Quran and the Hadith through the application of the zakat. Al-Quran explains that the allocation of zakat has been determined to whom the recipients are, however it does not explain how the zakat should be managed, whether in the form of giving consumptive money, goods or in the form of business capital. Along with the development of economic thought from experts who later gave birth to various ideas regarding the management of zakat, it can be distributed in two ways: by supporting them by giving money that can be used in a consumptive manner or by providing productive capital to be managed and developed.
Zakat is part of worship in Islam that aims to distribute and bridge the muzakki and mustahik so that the continuity of economic life between the two could be maintained. Indonesia, the largest Muslim country in the world with more than 200 million Muslims, is an important economic power. Based on the population, it can be seen that Indonesia also has a huge potential for zakat to support the economic life of the lower class people. The strategy to produce zakat is by providing capital to the community which will have a positive impact on economic development to suppress public inequality between the rich and the poor. Zakat given to the community will play a role in supporting productive economic recovery in productive activities.
Efficient zakat development can be done by establishing zakat funds as business capital to empower the needs of recipients so that the poor can continue to manage or respond to their needs. Providing zakat funds to be productive is very helpful in increasing the need for productivity, in contrast to zakat funds that focus on consumptive activities, because zakat provided to produce productive businesses can be managed permanently. If productivity continues to increase, there will be an increase in the economy gradually. Pratama (2015), to increase proportional income, careful efforts are made in selecting the recipients of zakat in the hope that the funds will be used to prevent bad working capital returns for entrepreneurial activities. Also, to be effective in achieving the goal of increasing business independence of the mustahik, a targeted and effective program is needed where the funds can be allocated by knowing the socioeconomic conditions and the availability of their funds.
One of the community empowerment programs run by BAZNAS is the Zakat Community Development Program (ZCD). ZCD is a community development program that integrates social aspects consisting of education, health, religion, environment, and other social aspects. It presents aspects of the economy comprehensively with basic funding from zakat, infaq, and alms. BAZNAS of Lampung province has run the ZCD program in Central Lampung regency who is located in two Subdistricts namely Terbanggi Besar and Seputih Raman by distributing the zakat in the form of cattle, ducks, and goats. This program has been implemented since 2017 in hope of reducing poverty by empowering the community through the program. In its realization, there were 27 mustahik who received the benefits of capital in the form of livestock to be cared for and raised.
To see the extent to which this program can help uplifting the community's economy, it is necessary to have a deeper assessment of the zakat recipients in the sub-district to see whether the program has been successful or not. A quantitative assessment is needed to see the extent of the role of ZCD for the communities' economy.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Zakat Community Development (ZCD) is an activity that combines programs to solve health, education, economic, and social problems through zakat, infaq, and shodakoh. This program employs the community approach which is an organized community development method and has similar activities, a regional approach which is the geographical and location strategy as the main target of the program, and the prospect of the target area of the program relevant to the conditions of the communities, whether in urban, rural, hilly, or coastal areas.
Solihah dan Mulyadi (2018), explain that the success of zakat is very much determined from the realization of the utilization of zakat through the zakat community development (ZCD) program. In connecton with this, the problem in this study is focused on the realization of the objectives of zakat management based on Law No. 23 of 2011 through the Zakat Community Development (ZCD) program in the people of Sidanglaka Village Cianjur Regency and measures the success of the program through productive venture capital for productive zakat on people's welfare. Realization of the zakat community development (ZCD) program by providing business capital that occurred in the village of Sidanglaka as one of the areas (pilot project) BAZNAS Cianjur regency provides its own paradigm of the function of zakat for the community. The community directly gets the benefits of zakat in an effort to improve welfare.
The success rate of productive zakat revolving business capital on the walfare of the people of Sidanglaka Village Cianjur Regency, ca be measured from an increase in motile and immaterial welfare, this is indicated by an increase in average busniess income of Rp 50,000 businesses run and in terms of immaterial understanding of the function of zakat and infaq or sodaqoh for the community receiving the program, so that the policy on theobligation of infestation determined by BAZNAS, the community carries out and almost reaches 35% is comparable to the understanding that the venture capital from zakat is equal to the term light credit. Wijaya (2010), in a study say that highlighting the tendecy for poverty based empowerment in eradication in developing countres like Indonesia. Community empowerment in the context of community development refers to increasing community strength and authority to act to overcome their own problems. The task of the empowermnet facilitator must be developed through a learning process for the local community to build a level of independence marifests itselfin increasing the empowerment of social groups to met the basic needs of their members.
The ZCD program is based on community and village empowerment that aims to comprehensively integrate the dimensions of da'wah, economy, education, health, and social humanity, funded throuh zakat, infaq, alms, and other religious social funds. The following are the objectives of the ZCD program; (1) the realization of a society that has morals (akhlaqul karimah); (2) realization of strong and independent community institutions; (3) increasing the level of participation in compulsory education; (4) increase in general knowladge about health and health status through the development of a clean and healthy lifestyle; (5) increase in income and subtainable existence of community livelihood system; and (6) increasing understanding of disasterrisk reducation among communities based on local culture.

Type & Nature of Research
This research is field research which is a type of research that seeks to collect data and information about problems outside of literature. The method used is a mixed method that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The model used is sequential exploratory which is combining the two methods in sequence. It begins with a qualitative method and then continued by a quantitative method.

Primary Data
The data in this study were obtained from interviews with relevant officials and a questionnaire filled by mustahik who became the object of research.

Secondary Data
Secondary data is the type of data obtained from company financial statements, government reports, bookkeeping in the form of principles, data in the form of notes, books and journals, as well as articles, and published research studies. The secondary data of this research were obtained from the Qur'an, Hadith, books relating to zakat management, the use of zakat, Islamic economics, and distribution of zakat, financial institutions, research methods, and more. Secondary data in this study were obtained from the Internet, especially journals, articles, official news, and others.

Population & Sample
The population in this study consisted of 27 respondents or mustahik recipients of revolving livestock zakat from BAZNAS Lampung in Central Lampung Regency. So that, the number of samples of respondents taken in this study consisted of 27 respondents as well or the entire population in this study.

Observation
The Observations in this research were done by directly observing the research location in BAZNAS Lampung to get the data needed about the recipient of zakat and to get additional data needed from the zakat fund. The researcher went to the recipient of the zakat directly.

Questionnaire
The questionnaires were given to mustahik to obtain the data on ZCD in the form of alternating livestock zakat and the incomes from their business. The measurement scale used was a Likert scale.

Interview
In this study, interviews were conducted face to face with related officers who work at BAZNAS Lampung and with the mustahik in Central Lampung Regency.

Documentation
The documentation data were obtained through the documentation method. It was done by finding information from books, records, and documents from BAZNAS Lampung.

Qualitative Data Analysis
In this analysis technique, researchers searched for and extracted information obtained from the interviews with BAZNAS Lampung and mustahik in Central Lampung regency who received the zakat. Also, researchers gave questionnaires to mustahik to obtain valid results on a Likert scale which would then be analyzed and explained based on each indicator.

Quantitative Data Analysis
a. Validity Test Priyatno (2011), states that item validation is used to measure the accuracy of a questionnaire or object scale, regardless of whether the questionnaire items are suitable for measuring what should be measured. It can also be done by conducting direct research using personal relationships or the corrected item-total correlation method.

b. Reliability Test
According to Priyatno (2011), reliability is a level of obstacle in a research instrument. Reliability testing is used to determine the consistency of an instrument, regardless of whether it is used repeatedly.

c. Simple Linear Regression Analysis of Economic Equation Test
In this study, simple linear regression analysis served as a statistical technique used to test the presence or absence of the influence of variable X on variable Y.
Thus, it can be seen how the use of ZCD (X) has a significant impact on community empowerment (y). The formula for simple linear regression is:  (2020) The table describes the relationship between each indicator that shows significant results that are r observed >r critical . Therefore, the accuracy-test concludes that all indicators can be considered correct.  These results can be interpreted:

Simple Linear Regression Equation Test
1. The amount of constants is 12,555 which means that if the ZCD value is 0 (zero), then the level of community empowerment's value is 12,555.

Variable regression coefficient ZCD (X)
is 0.304 which means that if ZCD is getting better or rising, the community empowerment (Y) will increase by 30.4%.

Hypothetical Test
Based on the t-test results, it is known that t observed is 1,680, and t critical is 2, 0555 which means that t observed <t critical (1,680 <2, 0555) with a significance of 0.105. This means that 0.105> 0.05, so it can be concluded that zakat community development has no significant effect on community sustainability.

Source :Processed Data (2020)
Based on the results of the outputtable, the value of R2is 0.101 or 10.1%, which means that zakat community development affects community empowerment by 10.1%, while the rest (100-10.1) 89.9 % has no effect or is influenced by other variables not found in this study.

Zakat Community Development toward Community Empowerment
Based on the results of the conducted tests, the provision of livestock from BAZNAS Lampung does not affect community empowerment. The respondents who receive the zakat in the form of livestock had less than Rp. 1,000,000 or 81.5% of the 22 Mustahik samples. This means that BAZNAS Lampung is committed to providing zakat of livestock for communities in need. Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia (2002), the distribution of productive zakat is in line with what Allah the Almighty commanded: The provision of alternating livestock zakat through the ZCD program did not affect the empowerment of mustahik. It might have been caused by other factors when the mustahik runs their businesses. However, the failure experienced by the mustahik was mainly caused by mental unpreparedness and mismanagement so that the expected target cannot be achieved.
Another factor that caused mustahik to experience difficulties in carrying out their businesses was the lack of training and knowledge provided by the BAZNAS Lampung. It made them learn on their own in developing their businesses. According to Tini,one of the mustahik who runs duck livestock, BAZNAS Lampung Province did not provide adequate training on businesses. Not only training but the controlling and monitoring by the BAZNAS Lampung were also minimum so that it did not know anything about what constraints experienced by the mustahik while running their businesses.
The mustahik desperately needs guidance from the BAZNAS Lampung in developing their business so that the zakat or capital funds provided can be truly realized for the community empowerment in the long term. Productive Zakat or livestock capital is expected to have a positive effect on mustahik so that they can be empowered and can be prosperous.
There are several indicators in the provision of productive zakat that could influence the level of income of the mustahik so that their lives can be more prosperous.

Business Feasibility Study
A business feasibility study is a stage to analyze the feasibility of a business plan to be carried out. BAZNAS Lampung, before providing funds or productive zakat capital to be given to mustahik, must conduct a business feasibility study first. This is because businesses are expected to run in the long term. However, BAZNAS Lampung did not pay attention to this, especially for mustahik recipients of ducks livestock. BAZNAS Lampung only provided capital funds for the mustahik to buy duck seedlings which were then used as livestock without seeing whether or not the business was run by the mustahik. Not all mustahik who run duck farming has the basicability to run duck farming. It caused some difficulty to emerge in the business resulting in three out of five mustahik recipients of duck livestock had failed.
For mustahik recipients of goat livestock, BAZNAS Lampung provided capital in the form of goat seedlings which then the UPZ of Central Lampung regency of Seputih Raman District determined the mustahik who were entitled to receive the goat livestock for business.

Counseling
Counseling is intended to provide insights related to business so that the mustahik can gain knowledge about the management of zakat funds. After conducting a business feasibility study and the business has been declared as feasible, then counseling needs to be done. However, these steps were not done by the BAZNAS Lampung so mustahik had a hard time managing the business they managed. Agung states that there is no mental and management readiness of mustahik so that it might have caused the failure. There was no mental and management readiness in managing the business since BAZNAS Lampung did not conduct the counseling. The BAZNAS Lampung should guide the mustahik to provide socialization and knowledge related to the businesses that will be run.

Supervision
After the business has been run by the mustahik, supervision from BAZNAS Lampung is needed. This is intended so that the BAZNAS Lampung can provide corrections to the businesses, find out whether the funds are truly well managed, and control the development of the business. Not only that, through the supervision, but it is also expected that BAZNAS Lampung can find out what obstacles faced by the mustahik. This matter was not given enough attention by the BAZNAS Lampung. BAZNAS Lampung only conducted monitoring a few times and not routine, so that they did not know the obstacles faced by the mustahik. The Mustahik who received ducks were suffering because their ducks were suffering from the advance stage blue eye syndrome that cannot be cured anymore.

Evaluation
The most important thing to do is an evaluation of what has been done. This indicator aims to determine the quality or value of a program so that decisions can be taken for the next step. However, due to the lack of controlling and monitoring by BAZNAS Lampung, the evaluations of problems faced by the mustahik cannot be conducted. Consequently, there was no solution to the problems faced by mustahik that caused them to fail in their business ventures.
As in the case of empowerment, three stages cover the empowerment, they are: 1. Awarenes stage.
In this stage, the targets are informed that they possess the right to do something. In this case, the awareness was addressed to the mustahik who receive productive zakat. They were given enlightenment that they were entitled to a more decent life, had an adequate income to improve their standard of living and to erase the social and economic gaps in society. The mustahik was expected to be able to fulfill their needs without having to get help from others.

Capacity Building Stage
In this case, chances to obtain independence and power are given to the targets to advance. At this stage, mustahik was given the capital of self-ability by providing knowledge to be able to run a business so that they have the power to influence their lives and the lives of others.

The Empowerment Stage
This stage provides opportunities for the targets. In this stage, what is meant in providing opportunities is to provide a business capital that will be run by the mustahik. Through the provision of capital, they were expected to be able to run their business in the long run so that they can fulfill their basic economic and social needs such as self-confidence, express aspirations, and able to participate in social activities.
Islamic economics is a prototype of an economy based on Islamic values by upholding the values of togetherness in achieving prosperity. In the implementation of Islamic economics, a strong economic foundation is needed to strengthen the economy. This can be seen in the application of the 4 characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad, including:

Shiddiq
Shiddiq means truthful, in this case, what is meant by truthful is the actions or steps taken in the process of utilizing productive zakat. Based on the field, BAZNAS Lampung has been truthful in channeling productive zakat funds to the mustahik in need. However, in the implementation of the productive zakat utilization program, there were some procedures and indicators that did not get enough attention and were not carried out.

Amanah
BAZNAS Lampung has been tasked to channel the zakat funds. In the alternating livestock program through ZCD, BAZNAZ has been mandated to distribute the funds to the appropriate mustahik. However, BAZNAZ Lampung did not provide enough attention to guiding the mustahik in running their business. There were some mustahik who did not uphold the value of amanah. They considered the funds they received was just a gift given to them so that the sense of responsibility was not present. The zakat given becomes useless when the mustahik cannot manage the business they run.

Tabligh
Tabligh means to convey where in this case, conveying the knowledge. In this program, mustahik who runs a business were not equipped with prior knowledge from the amil zakat. When they were facing obstacles, the mustahik cannot overcome them. This should be a concern for Amil Zakat to provide knowledge on how to run a business by, at least, collaborating with relevant agencies that understand the business that will be run by the mustahik.

Fathonah
Fathonah is intelligent. Intelligence is needed in managing a business so that there will be changes in life or to obtain knowledge. In this case, due to the lack of knowledge possessed, there were so many obstacles in running the business.
Based on the results of the hypothesis testing data, by looking at the income differences and analyzing the results of interviews through a questionnaire, it can be concluded that the ZCD program through the provision of alternating livestock carried out by the BAZNAS Lampung cannot empower the community in Central Lampung Regency. BAZNAS Lampung should pay more attention so that the zakat that has been given to the mustahik or the community will not be useless. It is important to assist the mustahik so that they can manage their businesses and for them to be responsible for running their businesses.
In short, do not ever forget to assist the mustahik so that they can run their business well. If the productive zakat fund which is expected to have a positive impact to eliminate the income gaps between the rich and the poor is not running well, its value will be the same as the consumptive zakat. The zakat funds are expected to provide long-term effects in the life of mustahik.

CONCLUSSION
Based on the results of SPSS data processing, it can be seen that the value of t observed <t critical (1,680 <2.0555) with a significance value of 0.105> 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the alternating stock program did not affect community empowerment in Central Lampung regency. It might be caused by the fact that BAZNAS Lampung did not follow the appropriate stages in empowering the community through the zakat community development program. Also, some mustahik did not aware of the responsibility they have towards the zakat funds provided by BAZNAS Lampung.