Indonesian Government Policies In Overcoming Post-Covid-19 Unemployment From An Islamic Economic Perspective

Abstrak : As an Important macroeconomic indicator, unemployment is a serious problem for Indonesian society. This article examines the government's support in reducing unemployment after COVID-19 from an Islamic economic perspective. This research uses a qualitative method using library research methods. The research results show that in the last 5 years, the unemployment rate in Indonesia has gradually decreased. The Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) for February 2023 was 5.45%, down 0.38 of a percentage point from February 2022. Unemployment is viewed as an unfortunate thing from an Islamic perspective as Islam constantly encourages people to work and avoid being unemployed. The government combats joblessness through various approach including international monetary, revenue, finance, and economic policies. These included allocating special funds to combat Covid-19, implementing tax incentives, facilitating relief in credit repayments, rapidly adopting policies aimed at reducing reductions in employment-related social security contributions, expanding social support, and providing skills and productivity training through Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK). WORK TRAINING CENTERS (BLK). The government also implemented several programs to improve employment opportunities, set up consultation services, provided information and complaint channels for workers regarding occupational safety and health (OSH) in the workplace, and issued pre-employment cards to improve the skills and outlook of job seekers. The weakness in this research is that uses more theory, so future researchers are advised to study it


INTRODUCTION
Various obstacles in the field of ordinary human life are emerging as the global landscape changes, characterized by a growing population.One such challenge is how people can fully meet their many daily needs.Economic difficulties are the subject of this situation (Yani, 2017).The high level of uncertainty around the world in 2019 is expected to continue for the next 5 years, until 2024.During this period, the Indonesian economy is expected to suffer due to global concerns.demand is taking place.These uncertainties stem from a range of global issues, including ongoing tensions between the United States and China.% and 4% respectively from 2020 to 2024.Additionally, the possibility of natural disasters, global political tensions, trade disputes, China's sluggish economic growth, geopolitical unrest in the Middle East, and the ongoing threat of the Covid-19 pandemic all have the ability to upset the international economy.According to projections, both the global economy and trade are expected to grow at a slowing pace with a tendency toward stagnation.In particular, from 2020 through 2024, the predicted annual growth rates for the world economy and trade growth are roughly 3.5 percent and 3.7 percent, respectively (KPPN & Bappenas, 2020).
Economic growth is a key indicator to assess the economic trajectory of a country and is used frequently to evaluate economic development results over a period of time.Such growth occurs when the production of products and services increases compared to the previous period.It serves as a barometer of people's well-being, so it is the responsibility of the government to improve this factor through complex micro and macro strategies.Increased economic growth promotes smooth economic activity, increases individual wages and is tied to better public welfare.Economic growth strongly reflects the efficiency and progress of a country's economy, demonstrating its strong position (Septi, 2020).
According to the August 2020 report by the Central Statistics Office (BPS), Indonesia's economic growth slowed by 5.32% in the second quarter of 2020.Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati predicted that economic growth of Indonesia in Q3 2020 will be between -2.9% and -1.1% during the virtual press conference on KiTa APBN (Accountability Report and Budget Implementation) (Fauzia, 2020).Due to this situation, the open unemployment rate (TPT) has increased significantly in all provinces of Indonesia, showing an upward trend between February 2020 and February 2021.Impact of Covid-19 is still visible in Indonesia today and the number of cases is increasing daily.However, in February 2021, there were signs that each Indonesian province was gradually succeeding in reducing the unemployment rate (Lestari, 2023).
For those affected, unemployment becomes both a social issue and a psychological one on an individual level (Murtadho, 2008).Data for 2020 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows a downward trend in the number of unemployed people in Indonesia in the previous 5 years.However, a remarkable oddity emerged in February 2020, when the number of unemployed increased by 60,000, from 6.82 million in 2019 to 6.88 million in 2020 (Lestari, 2023).
The total number of unemployed people in urban and rural areas affects the number of unemployed people.The limited number of job opportunities is not enough to cope with the growing number of job seekers, which is increasing every year due to population growth.The high unemployment rate causes problems not only in the economic sphere, but also pervades many concerns in the social sphere, such as poverty and social unrest.Indonesia is currently facing a serious job readiness problem, as evidenced by the country's large number of unemployed and low-income population.Families and communities bear the brunt of unemployment, which contributes significantly to impoverishment (Mulyadi, 2016).
Compared to the generally accepted standard of living in the community concerned, poverty means a state of low standard of living, which means that there is a scarcity of material resources among a certain group or demographic.Poverty is a global problem that affects people all over the world.Unequal income distribution and underdevelopment remain major problems for economically underdeveloped countries.Many developing countries have simultaneously experienced economic growth, but unfortunately, this has not resulted in improvements for their disadvantaged populations.In the global context, Indonesia is considered a developing country; In general, a developing country is defined by its imperfect population industrialization and the maintenance of a moderate to low standard of living (Murobbi & Usman, 2021).
According to the Central Statistics Office, the poverty rate in September 2022 was 9.57%, meaning that there were about 26.36 million people living below the poverty line.While this rate is slightly higher than the rate observed in March 2022 (9.54%), it is still lower than the rate observed in September 2021 (9.71%).The benchmark for the established poverty line increased by 5.95% in September 2022 to IDR 535,547 from the previous value of IDR 505,468 recorded in March 2022(BPS, 2022).
This information is taken from BPS data on the number of people living in poverty in Indonesia over the past ten years: The table provided clearly shows that from 2013 to 2022, there have been annual changes in the number of poor people in Indonesia.The information corresponds to the figures for each month of September.The highest number of people living in poverty, reaching 28,550,000 people, was reached in 2013, while the lowest number, 24,790,000 people, was reached in 2019.
From the above models, it is clear that unemployment has a significant impact on both national income and poverty rate.Such circumstances can harm the general well-being and wellbeing of society.Therefore, this study aims to provide a solution by looking at the Indonesian government's post-COVID-19 unemployment strategies from the perspective of Islamic economics.
Based on research conducted, not many theories examining the strategies and solutions to unemployment of the Indonesian government after Covid-19 have been studied in sufficient depth, it is hoped that this article can become a treasure of knowledge for Islamic economics.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Unemployment is a condition in which a person who belongs to the labor force category (Labor Force) does not have a job and is not actively looking for work, Unemployment (Unemploy-ment) is a reality faced not only by developing countries, but also experienced by developed countries (Developing Countries) (Rianda, 2020).
According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the employment indicator, unemployment is a population that is not working but is looking for work or is preparing a new business or a population that is not looking for work because it has been accepted to work but has not started working.In an internationally determined standard of understanding, unemployment is defined as someone who has been classified in the labor force, who is actively looking for work at a certain wage level, but cannot get the job he wants (Permadhy & Sugianto, 2020).
Unemployment can be divided into several types including: (Rianda,

METHOD
The author's method of research is described as library research, also referred to as a literary study.When viewed in this light, library research comprises the thorough gathering of information-rich data.This information comes from a wide variety of sources in the literature, including books, journals, and different references.The goal of this strategy is to unearth relevant results from earlier research, obtaining solutions and a theoretical framework relevant to the study challenge.
This study uses a qualitative descriptive methodology, which means that the work aims to define and explain particular phenomena.Based on earlier observations of certain events, the qualitative approach is a research procedure that can produce data through written exposition and verbal articulation.In light of Islamic economics, the decisive results provide understanding and insights into the tactics used by the Indonesian government to manage unemployment following COVID-19.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Theoretically, any acceleration in Indonesia's economic growth could lead to the absorption of labor, which would reduce the country's unemployment rate.The country's gross domestic product (GDP), which is also a measure of the unemployment rate, determines whether the Indonesian economy grows or shrinks.Based on many previous studies that have produced conflicting results, the relationship between economic growth and the unemployment rate exhibits both positive and negative characteristics.Since this expansion was not accompanied by a uniform increase in productive capacity, the association between economic growth as measured by GDP is positive.As a result, unemployment persists despite economic growth.To increase productivity and create more wealth, this incremental economic growth often favors productive activities over labor-and capital-intensive economic growth.
According to another study that argues that there is a negative relationship between economic growth and unemployment rate, Indonesia's rapid economic growth creates new job opportunities or employment opportunities that are labor intensive.Which helps to reduce the number of unemployed people (Indayani & Hartono, 2020)

The Phenomenon of Unemployment in Indonesia
As a developing country, Indonesia indeed faces a particular set of challenges when trying to tackle unemployment.In this context, unemployment seems to be a serious problem shared by all developing countries.This group includes people who are unemployed or actively looking for work and people aged 15 to 65 years, which is the working age group.Housewives, middle school and high school students, college students, and others who are not yet in need of a job are some examples of people who are not currently looking for work.However, the definition of unemployment goes beyond that, including people who are actively looking for work or currently looking for work, as well as those who work in jobs of low real value and are therefore considered unemployed.Unemployment often stems from a situation where there are many workers but not enough vacancies (Mifrahi & Darmawan, 2022).
Sectors such as agriculture, commerce and various service sectors are mainly responsible for the reduction in employment.The labor force in February 2020 increased by 1.73 million people compared to February of the previous year, bringing the total number of employees to 137.91 million people.However, the labor force participation rate (TPAK) decreased by 0.15 percentage points, in contrast to this increase in the labor force.At the same time, the number of unemployed people has increased by 60,000 in the past year.There are 131.03 million people in the labor force, an increase of 1.67 million people compared to February 2019 (Septi, 2020).(Fikri, 2021) According to Humaira et al. (2022), the unemployment rate affects other aspects than those already listed.Economically, unemployment has a negative effect of restricting income, leading to an increase in the poor population.To complicate matters further, the cost of living continues to rise, making it harder for the unemployed to support their families.From a sociological point of view, an increase in unemployment is correlated with an increase in the number of poor people, an increase in the number of homeless people, and an expansion in the ranks of the unemployed.This situation therefore has an impact on crime rates as people may turn to criminal acts such as theft and robbery because it is difficult to find a job. A. Numerous political protests are anticipated to take place as a result of the high unemployment rate.The rise in union-led demonstrations, which are motivated by high unemployment, have the ability to alter the political environment.From a security standpoint, the sizable group of unemployed people may turn to illegal activity to maintain their financial well-being, such as drug trafficking, extortion, and fraud.In addition, prostitution among young people may become more common, acting as an economic support mechanism as a result of the high unemployment rate.This demonstrates how unemployment has a variety of effects.The government and society now have a joint responsibility to act quickly to address the unemployment problem.The government is in charge of boosting economic activity across in Indonesia while giving each region the freedom to advance its own economy.

Unemployment from an Islamic Economic Perspective
In the Muslim worldview, unemployment is undesirable because Islam constantly advises its followers to find useful work.Moreover, work is an important Islamic principle that must be done and done.Islam continually encourages every Muslim to work, with an emphasis on both employment and production.Those who are able are even encouraged to create new job opportunities.People with a rich imagination can reduce the current unemployment rate because the symbiotic relationship between work and employment remains unbreakable.Islam actively condemns the idleness and laziness of its members due to concerns about impending deprivation that may force people to engage in dishonest behavior in order to meet their own needs.According to a hadith, "poverty leads to skepticism".However, the reality shows that countries with large Muslim populations often struggle with relatively high unemployment rates (Sugiatni, 2020).
In the Islamic state system, the caliph is obliged to provide jobs to people in need as a realization of Islamic economic politics.The Prophet said: "The caliph is the caretaker of the affairs of the people, he will be held accountable for the affairs of the people."(HR Bukhari and Muslim).
People with a rich imagination can reduce the current unemployment rate because the symbiotic relationship between work and employment remains unbreakable.Islam actively condemns the idleness and laziness of its members due to concerns about impending deprivation that may force people to engage in dishonest behavior in order to meet their own needs.According to a hadith, "poverty leads to skepticism".However, the reality shows that countries with large Muslim populations often struggle with relatively high unemployment rates (Ishak, 2018).a. Individual Mechanisms Under this framework, the government actively promotes the development of in-depth knowledge of the population, particularly through the education system.This concept concerns the necessity of work and the value of one's work in the eyes of Allah, the Almighty.In addition, the government is working to provide those in need with the necessary tools and resources.Islam affirms that everyone has an obligation to work to meet their basic needs and advance the collective welfare.(Qardhawi, 2002).

Analysis of Government Policy in Overcoming Unemployment Problems in Indonesia Post Covid-19
The government continues to continuously address the problem of unemployment.(Sukirno, 2006) in his book states that there are several objectives of government policies in overcoming unemployment.These goals are divided into economic goals and social and political goals, economic goals consist of (Lestari, 2023)  The government uses a variety of approaches, including fiscal, monetary, revenue and international economic policies, to address unemployment.These tactics take the form of skillful fund management to combat the impact of COVID-19, establishing programs such as tax incentives to increase income, loosening repayment conditions, and rapidly introducing regulations.intended to simplify social security contributions to employment.In addition, the government promotes social support, conducts various types of productivity and skills training through Broom Training (BLK), launches initiatives to increase job prospects, creates channels for advice, information and complaint handling related to safety and health in the workplace.(K3) for employees in the company.In addition, measures are taken to enhance the ability and capacity of job seekers, such as handing out cards before going to work (Ishak, 2018) (Consuello, 2020) (Krisnandika et al., 2021) (Lestari, 2023).

CONCLUSION
Economic growth is the main indicator to evaluate the economic efficiency of a country; it is mainly used to examine the impact of economic development over a period of time.As the production of products and services increases compared to the previous period, this growth takes place.The government has a duty to improve the welfare of the people through various micro and macro strategies, as economic growth is a good indicator for this.Dealing with macroeconomic difficulties means dealing with unemployment.
The level of unemployment is an important indicator of the overall economic situation.In the Indonesian context, this situation is remarkable.The results of this survey show that the number of unemployed people in Indonesia has decreased in the past 5 years.In February 2023, the open unemployment rate (OPR) was 5.45%, down 0.38 percentage points from February 2022.Looking through the lens of Islamic teachings, unemployment is considered bad.bad because Islam constantly calls on all Muslims to engage in constructive activities.work and avoid unemployment.
The government uses a variety of approaches, including fiscal, monetary, revenue and international economic policies, to address unemployment.These tactics take the form of skillful fund management to combat the impact of COVID-19, establishing programs such as tax incentives to increase income, loosening repayment conditions, and rapidly introducing regulations.intended to simplify social security contributions to employment.In addition, the government promotes social support, conducts various types of productivity and skills training through Broom Training (BLK), launches initiatives to increase job prospects, creates channels for advice, information and complaint handling related to safety and health in the workplace.(K3) for employees in the company.In addition, measures are taken to enhance the ability and capacity of job seekers, such as handing out cards before going to work.
This research can be used as reference material, without forgetting its value its authenticity especially in the field of Islamic economics.Apart from that, the government itself should implement various policies and programs to reduce unemployment in Indonesia in the future.
Based on data provided by the Central Statistics Office in August 2020, between 29.1 and 2 million people have been affected by the impact of Covid-19.This figure corresponds to about 14.2-8% of the entire working-age population in Indonesia.The outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic has brought business activities to a halt, resulting in a large number of employees being laid off.In August 2022, the open unemployment rate (OPR) stood at 5.86%, indicating a decrease of 0.63 percentage points compared to August 2021.In total, 4.15 million people (1.98).%) of working age have been affected by COVID-19.This subgroup includes those unemployed due to COVID-19 (0.24 million), those excluded from the labor force (BAK) due to COVID-19 (0.32 million), those temporarily unemployed due to COVID-19 COVID-19 (0.11 million) and those in the workforce with reduced hours due to COVID-19 (3.48 million) (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2023).The following is a graphic image regarding the number and rate of open unemployment in Indonesia (February 2019 -February 2023) obtained from databoks.katadata.co.id.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.TPT or Open Unemployment Rate : a. Provide job vacancies, b.Providing a level of community prosperity, c.Improving revenue sharing.Meanwhile, social and political goals are: a. Increasing family prosperity and family stability, b.Avoid the problem of crime, c.Realizing political stability

Year Number of Poor Population in Indonesia
Many verses in the Quran and Sunnah encourage hard work.One such verse is Surah Al-Mulk, verse 67,