Analisis Keruntuhan Bendungan Akibat Piping dan Pemetaan Genangan Banjir (Studi Kasus : Bendungan Saguling)
Dam Break Analysis Due To Piping And Flood Mapping (Case Study Of Saguling DAM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/saintis.2022.vol22(01).8081Keywords:
Kegagalan Bendungan, Rencana Tindak Darurat, Peta Genangan Banjir, Analisis Keruntuhan Bendungan, PipingAbstract
[ID] Salah satu upaya penanggulangan kegagalan bendungan adalah penyusunan Rencana Tindak Darurat. Rencana tindak darurat memuat peta genangan banjir akibat keruntuhan. Peta genangan banjir merupakan aspek penting karena menjadi dasar dalam pengambilan keputusan penanggulanan kegagalan bendungan. Peta genangan banjir diperoleh dari analisis keruntuhan bendungan. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis keruntuhan bendungan Bendungan Saguling yang merupakan bendungan kaskade di Wilayah Sungai Citarum. Analisis keruntuhan dalam penelitian ini terdiri analisis hidrograf keruntuhan menggunakan HEC-HMS, penelusuran banjir menggunakan HEC-RAS, dan pengolahan informasi spasial menggunakan QuantumGIS. Skenario keruntuhan bendungan yang dimodelkan adalah keruntuhan akibat piping saat sunnyday dengan variasi initial piping pada 1/3 ketinggian, ½ ketinggian dan 2/3 ketinggian bendungan. Hasil analisis hidrograf keruntuhan dari ketiga skenario tersebut cenderung mirip dengan debit puncak keruntuhan sebesar 61193,6 m3/dt. Keruntuhan Bendungan Saguling mengakibatkan Bendungan Cirata mengalami overtopping. Sedangkan Bendungan Jatiluhur tidak mengalami overtopping apabila Bendungan Cirata tidak mengalami keruntuhan. Peta genangan banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Saguling pada ketiga skenario cenderung mirip. Jumlah desa terdampak dengan jarak dari Bendungan Saguling kurang dari 10 km sebanyak 6 desa daro 10 desa. Desa Baranangsiang dan Desa Saguling adalah desa pertama yang terdampak banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Saguling dengan estimasi waktu kedatangan banjir ± 0,25 jam semenjak dimulai keruntuhan
[EN] One of the efforts to overcome dam failure is preparing an Emergency Action Plan. The emergency action plan contains a map of the flood inundation due to the collapse. The flood inundation map is essential because it becomes the basis for making dam failure management decisions. The flood inundation map was obtained from the dam break analysis. This study analyzes the Saguling Dam collapse, a cascade dam in the Citarum River Basin. The failure analysis in this study consisted of collapse hydrograph analysis using HEC-HMS, flood routing using HEC-RAS, and processing of spatial information using QuantumGIS. The dam failure scenario modelled is due to piping on sunny days with initial piping variations at 1/3 height, height and 2/3 height of the dam. The results of the failure hydrograph analysis of the three scenarios tend to be similar to the failure peak discharge of 61193.6 m3/s. The collapse of the Saguling Dam caused the Cirata Dam to be overtopped. Meanwhile, Jatiluhur Dam does not experience overtopping if the Cirata Dam does not collapse. The flood inundation maps due to the collapse of the Saguling Dam in the three scenarios tend to be similar. The number of affected villages less than 10 km from the Saguling Dam is six out of 10 villages. Baranangsiang Village and Saguling Village are the first villages affected by flooding due to the collapse of the Saguling Dam, with an estimated flood arrival time of ± 0.25 hours since the collapse started.
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