Analisis Sektor Basis dan Sektor Non Basis dalam Upaya Peningkatan Sarana dan Prasarana Perkotaan di Kota Padang
Analysis of Basic and Non-Basic Sectors as Efforts to Improve the Urban Facilities and Infrastructure in Padang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25299/saintis.2021.vol21(01).6537Keywords:
PDRB, analisis LQ, analisis shift shareAbstract
[ID] Pembangunan berkelanjutan merupakan bagian dari fokus pembangunan daerah Kota Padang dengan tujuan menyediakan infrastruktur kota dan peningkatan perekonomian kota tahun 2019-2024. Pemerintah terus mengupayakan peningkatan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kota Padang dengan mengembangkan sektor kegiatan kota yang diimbangi dengan peningkatan sarana dan prasarana perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sektor usaha yang belum mencapai kategori basis dan maju di Kota Padang. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengetahui sektor basis maupun non basis adalah metode location quotient (LQ). Sedangkan untuk mengetahui sektor maju atau mundur, digunakan analisis shift share. Dilakukan pula Analisis kependudukan melalui metode proyeksi trendline untuk memproyeksi peramalan penduduk pada tahun mendatang. Hasil analysis location quatien (LQ) menunjukkan terdapat dua sektor non basis di Kota Padang yaitu (1) sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan, (2) pertambangan dan penggalian. Selanjutnya, analisis shift-share menunjukkan terdapat empat sektor yang berada pada kategori mundur/ lamban yaitu sektor: (1) pertanian, (2) kehutanan dan perikanan, (3) industri pengolahan, pengadaan air, pengelolaan sampah, limbah dan daur ulang, (4) jasa keuangan dan asuransi. Berdasarkan trendlinepolynominal didapatkan model proyeksi perkiraan penduduk menurut persamaan y = -194.03x2 + 15535x + 815333 dengan R2 = 0.9964. Kebutuhan sarana prasarana untuk meningkatan kualitas hidup yang layak bagi warga Kota Padang diperkirakan meningkat secara dominan pada kelompok usia 20-24 tahun sebagai proyeksi angkatan kerja. Jumlahnya diprediksi sekitar 77.761 jiwa. Penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat dalam menentukan fokus penyediaan infrastruktur kota, agar sektor non basis dan sektor pada kategori mundur atau lambat dapat ditingkatkan menjadi kategori sektor basis dan maju.
[EN] Sustainable development is part of the regional development focus of Padang City to provide urban infrastructure and improve the city's economy in 2019-2024. The government continues to strive to increase the Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) of the City of Padang by developing a sector of city activities towards improving urban facilities and infrastructure.This research supports the government's efforts in directing the development of the city of Padang. This study aims to analyze the business sector that has not reached the basic and advanced category in Padang City. The method used to determine the basis and non-base sectors is the location quotient (LQ) method. Meanwhile, to determine the forward or backward sector, shift-share analysis is used. Population analysis is also carried out through the trendline projection method to project population forecasts in the coming year. The results of the location quotient (LQ) analysis show that there are two non-basic sectors in the city of Padang, namely (1) agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, (2) mining and quarrying. Furthermore, the shift-share analysis shows that four sectors are in a slow category, namely the sectors: (1) agriculture, (2) forestry and fisheries, (3) processing industry, water supply, waste management, waste, and recycling, (4) financial and insurance services. Based on the polynomial trendline, the population forecast projection model is obtained according to the equation y = -194.03x2 + 15535x + 815333 with R2 = 0.9964. The need for infrastructure and facilities to improve the quality of life that is feasible for the residents of Padang City is predicted to increase dominantly in the 20-24 year age group. The number is predicted to be around 77,761. It is hoped that this research will be useful in determining the focus of urban infrastructure provision, so that non-base sectors and sectors in the backward or later categories can be upgraded to the basic and advanced category.
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