Evaluasi Pencapaian Standar Pelayanan Minimum Park and Ride di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pelayanan Transportasi Umum

Evaluation of Minimum Service Standard Achievement at Park and Ride Facilities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta to Improve Public Transportation Services

Abstract

[IN] Park and Ride merupakan fasilitas pendukung integrasi transportasi yang berperan dalam menghubungkan perjalanan kendaraan pribadi dengan transportasi umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pencapaian Standar Pelayanan Minimum (SPM) serta mengidentifikasi prioritas peningkatan pelayanan Park and Ride di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-komparatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner pengguna. Evaluasi pencapaian SPM mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor PM 24 Tahun 2021, sedangkan persepsi pengguna dianalisis menggunakan metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian SPM Park and Ride secara keseluruhan mencapai 98,99%, sedangkan indeks rata-rata kepuasan pengguna sebesar 87%, yang menunjukkan bahwa pengguna berada pada kategori sangat puas terhadap pelayanan dan fasilitas Park and Ride. Hasil pemetaan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar atribut pelayanan berada pada Kuadran II (Pertahankan Kinerja). Atribut pada Kuadran I (Prioritas Utama) ditemukan pada Park and Ride Ngabean, Gamping, dan Prambanan, yang menunjukkan adanya atribut dengan tingkat kepentingan tinggi tetapi kinerja masih perlu ditingkatkan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian SPM yang tinggi belum sepenuhnya menghilangkan kebutuhan peningkatan kualitas berdasarkan persepsi pengguna. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan pelayanan perlu difokuskan pada atribut prioritas dengan tetap mempertahankan kinerja atribut yang telah memenuhi harapan pengguna.

[EN] Park and Ride facilities are an important component of transport integration, serving to connect private vehicle trips with public transportation. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of Minimum Service Standards (MSS) and identify priorities for improving Park and Ride services in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A descriptive-comparative quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, documentation, and user questionnaires. The evaluation of MSS achievement refers to Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 24 of 2021, while user perceptions were analyzed using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results indicate that the overall achievement of the MSS for Park and Ride facilities reached 98.99%, while the average user satisfaction index was 87%, indicating a very high level of user satisfaction with the services and facilities provided. The Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) results show that most service attributes were located in Quadrant II (Keep Up the Performance). Attributes in Quadrant I (Top Priority) were identified at the Ngabean, Gamping, and Prambanan Park and Ride facilities, indicating attributes that are considered highly important by users but whose performance still requires improvement. These findings indicate that a high level of MSS achievement does not entirely eliminate the need for service improvements based on user perceptions. Therefore, service improvement should focus on priority attributes while maintaining the performance of attributes that have already met user expectations.