Analysis of the vo2max physical condition of tarung derajat athletes through yoyo test: Preparation for pre-PON XX

During the current Covid-19 pandemic crisis, it found that Vo2max possessed by Tarung Derajat athletes has decreased significantly during training, therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze the level of Vo2max physical condition of Tarung Derajat athletes. This study used a quantitative approach through the survey method. The sample in this study were all Tarung Derajat martial arts athletes who took part in the XX Pre-PON championship, with a total of 24 athletes. This study used total sampling technique and obtained 24 athletes as samples. The instrument applied in this study was Yoyo Test and data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010. The results showed that most of the female athletes had a poor physical condition, while the physical condition of some male athletes was in the good category, some were in the very good category. Thus, it was still need an improvement, especially studies in the preparation of training programs, in improving physical condition, particularly for female athletes. The contribution of the results of this research will be able to increase understanding and information for trainers in order to achieve maximum performance.


INTRODUCTION
Currently, every kind of sport in Indonesia is carrying out preparation in facing the Pre-PON XX, including the Tarung Derajat martial arts sport. This sport is characterized as self-defense with fast movements (Forenza, Alnedral, Masrun, & Sari, 2020, 2014, realistic, rational (Chairad, 2014), and it is included as a high-intensity sport. In preparing athletes who would take part in the XX Pre-PON event, a coach must pay attention to several factors, such as basic techniques (Yulianto, 2015), and the physical conditions possessed by each athlete. Even that, it was explained by several experts that in order to obtain high achievements, they must pay attention to several aspects, including technique, tactics, mental and physical conditions, so that later they could greatly support the achievement of success (Rumini, 2015;Setiawan et al., 2020). According to previous studies that mentioned in order to achieve optimal performance in the Tarung Derajat martial sport, the factor that must be considered by each coach was to evaluate the level of physical condition of each athlete (Setiawan & Allsabah, 2018). A recent study has reported that by analyzing the level of physical condition among athletes, coaches can obtain a depth picture to prepare training programs that were intended for physical conditions (Jiang et al., 2018;Ramirez-Campillo et al., 2021), so that later they can maximize preparation in facing Pre-PON XX.
One of the physical conditions that is very dominant and supports the athlete's performance when practicing or competing is the physical condition of Vo2max which is basically the main capital for athletes. The quality of Vo2max is very decisive from the quality of athlete's body work, thus it is expected that the quality of Vo2max of an athlete should be better than ordinary people or non athlete (Debbian & Rismayanthi, 2016). Vo2max is the maximum ability of oxygen intake that can be used by the body. This means that if the lung has a more capacity to collect oxygen, the athlete will have a longer endurance or not easy to get fatigue (Nugraheni et al, 2017). Basically, the body needs oxygen for fuel, especially for muscles when carrying out activities, both heavy motion activities and light motion activities (Nirwandi, 2017). With a good Vo2max physical condition, athletes can optimally receive and carry out a good training program (Yanti, 2020). During the current Covid-19 pandemic crisis, the Vo2max aspect has decreased drastically (Christensen et al., 2021), due to several factors: infrequent exercise, social and physical distancing and isolation. Thus, this aspect was considered important in this study.
Previous researches related to Vo2max have been documented, for example analyzing the physical abilities of athletes (Reo, Dhedhy, & Rizky, 2019;Yanti, 2020;Putra & Ita, 2019;Forenza, Alnedral, Masrun, & Sari, 2020;Rusmanto, Ginanjar, & Ramadhan, 2020;Putri, 2020;Ariestika, Widiyanto & Nanda, 2020;Afshari, Rami, Angali, Shirali, & Azadi, 2021). Meanwhile, research conducted by Bahtra, Asmawi, Widiastuti, and Dlis (2020) analyzed the Vo2max of soccer athletes. Then Gönülateş (2018) analyzed the differences in the Vo2max values of athletes in the field and in the laboratory. Meanwhile, Kostic (2017) tried to analyze the difference in Vo2max capacity between athletes and non-athletes. However, according to our knowledge, no one has reported on the analysis of Vo2max levels in Tarung Derajat athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and this study offers different point of view from previous research, namely analyzing athletes' Vo2max levels using the Yoyo Test. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the Vo2max level of Tarung Derajat athletes through the Yoyo Test.

METHOD
This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method (Nopiyanto & Dimyati, 2018), to analyze the Vo2max level among Tarung Derajat athletes. The population in this study was 24 people, and the sampling technique was total sampling, so that the entire population, namely Tarung Derajat martial arts athletes who took part in the 2019 National Sports Week Prequalification (Pre-PON) championship with a total of 24 athletes including 11 female athletes and 13 male athletes were selected as samples in this study.
In collecting data, the researcher used a test method to measure the Vo2max ability of the West Kalimantan Tarung Derajat martial arts athlete using the Yoyo Test (Schmitz, Pfeifer, Kreitz, Borowski, Faldum & Brand, 2018;Pickering, Kiely, Suraci & Collins, 2018;Setiawan et al., 2021). The study was conducted on March 17, 2019 at the SSA KONI Athletic Field Stadium, West Kalimantan Province. The data obtained were normalized with the level of physical fitness based on the age level. Then, data was analyzed based on the prevailing norms. In this study using, data was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010 in the form of percentage calculations (%) consisting of data recapitulation of the physical condition of male athletes and female athletes. Detail data is presented in the diagram.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the study results, the Tarung Derajat female athletes were in the poor category at 36.4%. Some were in the fair and good category, while the male athletes in Tarung Derajat were in the average and good categories at 30.8%, but some were in the very good category at 15.4%. The scoring were based on the category is presented in Table 2. Furthermore, the results of the Vo2max physical condition test data are presented in Table 3. The recapitulation of percentage calculation results is presented in Table 4 and Table 5.  Based on data that presented in Tables 2, 3, and 4, it shows that the results of the Vo2max physical condition test for Tarung Drajat martial arts athletes in West Kalimantan in the female category, 0% was in excellent and very good category, 3 people (27.3%) were in the good category, 1 people (9%) was in the average category, 3 people (27.3%) in the fair category, 4 people (36.4%) in the poor category, and 0% in the very poor category.
The physical condition test results (vo2max) for martial arts athletes Tarung Drajat, West Kalimantan, in the male category show that 0% in excellent category, 2 people 15.4% in the very good category, 4 people 30.8% in the good category, 4 people 30.8% in the average category, 2 people 15.4%in the fair category, 0% in the poor category, and 1 person 7.6% in the very poor category. Detailed data is presented in the form of a histogram depicted in Graph.1 and Graph.2.

Vo 2Max Male Athletes
Based on data described in Tables 2, 3, 4, along with Figures 1 and 2, it can be concluded that the female athletes in Tarung Drajat martial arts sport in the poor category or less than 36.4%. Some of these female athletes were in the fair and good category, while the male athletes in Tarung Drajat sport in the average and good categories at 30.8%, but some of them were in the very good category at 15.4%. Thus, in order to be able to compete in the Pre-PON and PON National championship events, it is very necessary to pay attention to improving physical condition (VO2max), which can enhance performance when competing and obtain maximum achievement (Christensen et al., 2021).
This study aims to analyze the VO2max level of Tarung Derajat athletes through the Yoyo Test. The results of this study indicate that female athletes in the martial arts sport were in the poor category or less than 36.4% while for male athletes were in the moderate and good categories. The results of this study are in line with and support previous research that had been carried out by Setiawan and Allsabah (2017) regarding the physical condition of the Kediri City fighting martial arts athletes. There was 67% of athletes included in the sufficient category, 33% of athletes were in the poor category, 11% of athletes were in the good category, and 11% of athletes were in the very good category. In the future, the related party need to pay attention to the regular monitoring of measurement agenda. Similar results were reported by Putra and Ita's research, (2019), which found that the physical condition of Papuan athletes, in facing PON XX Papua, especially for Tarung Derajat athletes in the VO2max aspect. It was found that male athletes were in the poor condition category with a total of 12 athletes. (66.67%), for the most female athletes in very poor condition with a total of 7 people (58.33%), from the research data it was concluded that the physical condition of Papuan athletes was not good enough. Based on the calculation results it was found that the majority athletes were in the poor and very poor categories. This results show that there was a homework to improve physical quality of Papua athletes.
Based on this study results and supported by data from previous studies, it confirms that ability to supply oxygen to the body is the key in determining the application or function of these fuels in carrying out activities and determining success. In other words, if the athletes train harder, so they will inhale oxygen or breathe faster which could increase the supply of oxygen, and enabling aerobic energy formation. Giriwijoyo and Sidik (2013) explained that VO2max is an illustration of a person's aerobic capacity in physical activity. The body's ability to absorb oxygen optimally can affect the performance of the body's muscles and resulting a very good impact, which can minimize the remaining substances that can cause fatigue. One way to measure VO2max is based on the quantity of oxygen that can be absorbed in liters per minute or (1/min), or by using the calculation of the quantity of oxygen is absorbed in milliliters of body weight and calculated in kilograms per minute or (ml/kg/min) (Fuadi & Jatmiko, 2020). Thus, if the VO2max possessed by an athlete is higher, it will result a better ability of endurance and stamina (Nugraheni et al. 2017). It is also reinforced by Ibikunle and Enumah (2016) in their research which focused on heart rate response, blood pressure response, and VO2max prediction. Based on this study it can be stated that high VO2max is a major indicator in aerobic fitness, heart health, and endurance performance.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this research and discussion as described above, it can be concluded that the physical condition (VO 2max ) of the athletes involved Pre-PON XX martial arts sport of Tarung Derajat West Kalimantan for Male was categorized in the good condition. Meanwhile, female athletes were categorized as inadequate condition. The research contributes to existing knowledge and provides material for evaluation and study in the preparation of training programs, especially to improve the physical condition of female athletes to be even better in the future according to the expected target. In addition, it can facilitate the coach in conducting a more in-depth assessment to improve the points of supporting sports achievement and development in further research. The principal limitation of this analysis was the small number of research sample. It is expected that in the future, the researcher could use more Tarung Derajat athletes from several regions in Indonesia or conduct survey research with a cross-sectional design.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank the Research and Development parties at Tanjungpura University who have provided facilities in carrying out research. We also thank the universities that have been involved and contributed to this research.