Screening-Level Liquefaction Susceptibility Assessment in Central West Lombok: Integrating HVSR-Derived Ground Shear Strain and Groundwater Depth

Ilham Ilham; Nevi Ernita; Ichwan Arief Ramdhani; Lalu Aldi Pranata

Authors

Ilham Ilham Physics Education department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia.
Nevi Ernita Physics Education department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia.
Ichwan Arief Ramdhani Physics Education department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia.
Lalu Aldi Pranata Physics Education department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram City, Indonesia.

Keywords:

Ground Shear Strain, Groundwater Depth, Liquefaction, Microzonation

Abstract

Lombok is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Indonesia that is highly exposed to secondary hazards such as liquefaction. This research presents a screening-level liquefaction susceptibility assessment for the central part of West Lombok by integrating two main controlling parameters, namely ground shear strain (GSS) derived from HVSR microtremor measurements (n = 52) as an indicator of surface soil deformability, and groundwater depth (GWD) from field observations as an indicator of soil saturation level. The Liquefaction Susceptibility Index (LSI) was calculated by combining these two parameters using an unweighted conjunctive geometric mean approach to emphasize the simultaneous occurrence of soil deformability and groundwater saturation conditions while reducing compensatory effects that may occur in additive integration methods. The idea behind this approach is that locations where both high soil deformability and shallow groundwater levels are present will be assigned higher susceptibility values, while the susceptibility values will be reduced for locations where these two prerequisites are mismatched. The integrated LSI offers a more selective zonation than the single parameter outputs: the GWD-only map identifies widespread hydrologically favorable conditions (77.24% are classified as High–Very High) as saturation-ready, and the GSS-only map is dominated by Moderate–Low deformability (73.51%). The integrated map classifies 34.79% of the study area as High, 55.40% as Moderate and 9.80% as Low, with no Very High class. High susceptibility is concentrated in the western coastal belt (Labuapi–Gerung–Lembar), which corresponds to low-lying coastal/alluvial plains underlain by Quaternary alluvium where shallow groundwater and mechanically susceptible ground are more likely to coincide. However, the proposed susceptibility model has not been validated using CPT/SPT measurements, borehole observations, or documented liquefaction inventories. Therefore, the resulting map should be interpreted as a proxy-based screening-level prioritization tool for guiding future geotechnical investigations rather than a deterministic assessment of liquefaction occurrence.

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