A GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Framework for Provincial and Regional Distribution Centers: Integrating Land Capability (SKL) and Accessibility Metrics in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Mifta Eka Febriantina Rahayu; Muhammad Rifky Zainul Royan; Miftahul Ridhoni; Kiky Permana Setiawan

doi:10.25299/jgeet.2026.11.1.26825

Authors

Mifta Eka Febriantina Rahayu Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Muhammad Rifky Zainul Royan Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Miftahul Ridhoni Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Muhammadiyah University of Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Kiky Permana Setiawan Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2026.11.1.26825

Keywords:

GIS-MCDA, Land Capabilities, Regional Logistics, Distribution Center, South Kalimantan

Abstract

This study develops a GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) framework to identify priority locations for Provincial Distribution Centers (PDP) and Regional Distribution Centers (PDR) in South Kalimantan Province. Its principal contribution is the integration of Land Capability Units (SKL), which represent the intrinsic physical suitability of land, with accessibility and utility indicators that capture operational support. The framework employs a vector-overlay procedure that combines thematic layers, standardized scores, and a Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). The SKL component is weighted at 0.55, while the accessibility-utility component is weighted at 0.45, reflecting the premise that physical land suitability constitutes a fundamental threshold that cannot be fully offset by high accessibility alone. The results show that class S2 dominates the study area, covering 1,566,737.61 ha (42.22%), followed by S3 at 1,037,104.41 ha (27.95%) and S4 at 1,004,058.64 ha (27.06%). By contrast, S1 covers only 68,751.95 ha (1.85%), while class N accounts for 34,496.78 ha (0.93%). These findings indicate that most of South Kalimantan is conditionally suitable, meaning that PDP/PDR development generally still requires technical adjustment, infrastructure improvement, or a combination of both. Spatially, the most prospective areas are concentrated in the Banjarbakula metropolitan corridor and several strategic logistics nodes. Overall, the study demonstrates that distribution center location decisions should simultaneously account for physical land resilience and operational efficiency in order to support more adaptive, measurable, and policy-relevant regional logistics planning

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