Resonance and Damping Ratio Analysis of the Baiturrahman Mosque Tower Based on Earthquake Ground Shaking

Noviana Sihotang simanjuntak; Umar Muksin; Yunita Idris; Andi A. Rusdin

doi:10.25299/jgeet.2025.10.02.21982

Authors

Noviana Sihotang simanjuntak Department of Disaster Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 23111, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
Umar Muksin Department of Disaster Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 23111, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
Yunita Idris Tsunami Disaster and Mitigation Research Center, Universitas of Syiah Kuala, 231111, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
Andi A. Rusdin Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), 23352, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2025.10.02.21982

Keywords:

seismicity, Microtremor, Vulnerability, Ground Motion, Earthquake

Abstract

Aceh is a region of tectonic activity, characterized by high seismicity. This inherent seismic hazard endangers the stability of vertical structures, such as mosque towers. The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the Main Tower of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque by estimating its natural frequencies and damping ratios. These parameters are used to evaluate the structural vulnerability of the mosque. The study obtained data from multilevel microtremor measurements on each floor of the tower. These measurements were analyzed using two methods. The Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method identified the dominant frequency in the basement. The Random Decrement Method (RDM) determined the natural frequency and damping ratios at each level of the structure. The results indicate that the natural frequency of the tower ranges from 1.16 to 4.32 Hz, with a damping ratio of 0.91% to 22.97%, which is within the established range for reinforced concrete structures. The substandard value can cause the building to oscillate easily when earthquake shocks occur. The analysis identified the upper floors, specifically 3 and 4, to be the primary sites of resonance, with ratios reaching 11-12%. The significant negative correlation between height and natural frequency indicates that the upper part of the structure is more prone to low-frequency earthquakes. The implications of this study are significant in light of their potential to enhance the understanding of the structural resonance risks and provide a technical basis for planning mosque towers in earthquake-prone areas.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arifullah, A., Muksin, U., Simanjuntak, A., & Muzli, M. (2024, March). A preliminary result of automatic earthquakes localization from seismic temporary network in Northern Sumatra. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3082, No. 1). AIP Publishing.

Ashayeri, Iman & Biglari, Mahnoosh & Formisano, Antonio & D'Amato, Michele. (2021). Ambient vibration testing and empirical relation for natural period of historical mosques. Case study of eight mosques in Kermanshah, Iran. Construction and Building Materials. 289.

Asnawi, Y., Gunaya, M., Prayitno, S., Simanjuntak, A., & Muksin, U. (2024). Simulation Of Earthquake Intensity For Tsunami Prediction And Disaster Risk Management. Geomate Journal, 26(118), 17-24.

Asnawi, Y., Muksin, U., Tarniati, Y. P., Simanjuntak, A. V., Rizal, S., & Syukri, M. (2023, January). Seismic vulnerability based on microtremor data and HVSR method in Krueng Raya, Aceh Besar. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2613, No. 1). AIP Publishing.

Asnawi, Y., Simanjuntak, A., Muksin, U., Rizal, S., Syukri, M. S. M., Maisura, M., & Rahmati, R. (2022). Analysis of microtremor H/V spectral ratio and public perception for disaster mitigation. GEOMATE Journal, 23(97), 123-130.

Azman Ismail. 2004. Masjid Raya Baiturrahman Dalam Lintasan Sejarah. Nadya Foundation, Banda Aceh.

Chopra, A. K. (2017). Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. Pearson Education.

Fajfar, P., & Geli, L. (2016). Seismic behavior and design of structures with damping devices. Springer.

Gallipoli MR, Mucciarelli M, Castro RR, Monachesi G, Contri P (2004) Structure, soil-structure response and effects of damage based on observations of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of microtremors. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 24:487–495.

Gosar, A., 2010, Site Effect and Soil-Stucture Resonance Study in The Kobarid Basin (NW Slovena) Using Microtremor, Geofozika, Vol.28 2011.

Hadianfard, M., Rabiee, R., & Sarshad, A. (2017). Assessment of Vulnerability and Dynamic Characteristics of a Historical Building Using Microtremor Measurements. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 15, 175-183.

Irsyam, M., Asrurifak, M., Mikail, R., Sabaruddin, A., & Faisal, L. (2017). Pemutakhiran Peta, dan Gempa Indonesia.

Lamonge, A. S. L., Polii, G. B., Laka, A. A. L., Simanjuntak, A. V., Tangkulung, G. G., Timbuleng, J. V., ... & Ristiyono, L. (2024). The Needs of Public Health Mitigation as The Impact of Earthquake Disasters in North Sulawesi Region, Indonesia. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology, 9(04), 453-460.

Muksin, U., Arifullah, A., Simanjuntak, A. V., Asra, N., Muzli, M., Wei, S., ... & Okubo, M. (2023a). Secondary fault system in Northern Sumatra, evidenced by recent seismicity and geomorphic structure. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 245, 105557.

Muksin, U., Riana, E., Rudiyanto, A., Bauer, K., Simanjuntak, A. V. H., & Weber, M. (2023b). Neural network-based classification of rock properties and seismic vulnerability. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 9(1), 15-30.

Nakamura, 1989, Nakamura a Method for Dynamic Characteristics of Surface.pdf, Proc. 20th JSCE Earthquake Eng. Symposium, Vol. 30, no. 1, pp 133–136.

Nakamura, Y., 2008, On the H/V spectrum, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, pp 1–10.

Nakamura, Y., E. D. Gurler, J. Saita, A. Rovelli and S. Donati (2000). Vulnerability Investigation of Roman Colosseum

using Microtremor, Proceedings of 12th WCEE, New Zealand, #2660.

Nashir, M. A. L., Bahri, A. 2013. Karakterisasi Kekuatan Bangunan Wilayah Surabaya-Jawa Timur Menggunakan Analisis Mikrotremor. Jurnal Teknik Pomits. 1(1), pp. 1-5.

Nurana, I., Simanjuntak, A. V., Umar, M., Kuncoro, D. C., Syamsidik, S., & Asnawi, Y. (2021). Spatial Temporal Condition of Recent Seismicity In The Northern Part of Sumatra. Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology, 7(1), 131-145.

Pasari, S., Simanjuntak, A. V., Mehta, A., Neha, & Sharma, Y. (2021a). A synoptic view of the natural time distribution and contemporary earthquake hazards in Sumatra, Indonesia. Natural Hazards, 108, 309-321.

Pasari, S., Simanjuntak, A. V., Mehta, A., Neha, & Sharma, Y. (2021b). The current state of earthquake potential on Java Island, Indonesia. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 178, 2789-2806.

Pusat Studi Gempa bumi Nasional. (2017). Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Bumi Indonesia Tahun 2017. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian PUPR.

Qadariah, Q., Simanjuntak, A. V., & Umar, M. (2018). Analysis of Focal Mechanisms Using Waveform Inversion; Case

Study of Pidie Jaya Earthquake December 7, 2016. Journal of Aceh Physics Society, 7(3), 127-132.

Rahmania, A., 2017, Mikrozonasi Kegempaan Berdasarkan Efek Lokal, Indeks Kerentanan Seimik dan Percepatan Getaran Tanah di Kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya.

SESAME (2004) Guidelines for the implementation of the H/V spectral ratio technique on ambient vibra tions: measurements, processing and interpretation.

Simanjuntak, A. V. H., Muksin, U., Arifullah, A., Lythgoe, K., Asnawi, Y., Sinambela, M., ... & Wei, S. (2023). Environmental vulnerability characteristics in an active swarm region. Global journal of environmental science and management, 9(2), 211-226.

Simanjuntak, A. V., & Olymphia, O. (2017). Perbandingan Energi Gempa Bumi Utama dan Susulan (Studi Kasus: Gempa Subduksi Pulau Sumatera dan Jawa). Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 14(1), 19-26.

Simanjuntak, A. V., Muksin, U., & Rahmayani, F. (2018, May). Microtremor survey to investigate seismic vulnerability around the Seulimum Fault, Aceh Besar-Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 352, No. 1, p. 012046). IOP Publishing.

Sungkono., Warnana, D., & Utama, W. (2014). Evaluation of Buildings Strength from Microtremor Analyses.