Festivals and deterioration of aquatic environment: A case study of Idol immersion in Tapi River, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.4.2088Keywords:
Pollution, Idol Immersion, Ganesh festival, Tapi river, Water qualityAbstract
In the civil society different festivals are celebrated, these are the integral part of human life and many of festivals are religious, seasonal change and culturally important. The present study elucidated environmental impact of Ganesh idol immersion on water quality of Tapi River and for this purpose water samples were collected during different durations (pre immersion, during immersion and post immersion) from selected sampling stations or idol immersion points of Tapi River. The important water quality parameters like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total hardness, total alkalinity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, oil & grease and total calcium were analysed for the study. Result shows that dissolved oxygen was depleted while remaining parameter were increased during the idol immersion and it was concluded that aquatic ecosystem of Tapi river was deteriorated and pollution and nutrient load were increased due to these religious activities. The celebration of festivals and these religious activities can’t stop but pollution can reduce to save the river.
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References
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APHA, 2005. Standard methods for examination of water and waste water, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
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Billore, D.K. and Dandawate Maneesha, 2015. Environmental impact of idol immersion on Kakerpura lake Mhow (MP). International Journal of Research-garnthaalayh, 3, 1-4.
Desai Jigna and Tank S.K., 2010. Deterioration of water quality due to immersion of Ganesh idols in the River Tapti at Surat (India). Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4,4.
Dhote Sangeeta and Dixit Savita, 2011. Hydro chemical changes in two eutrophic lakes of Central India after immersion of Durga and Ganesh idol. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1, 38-45
Dhote, S., Varghese B. and Mishra S. M., 2001. Impact of idol immersion on water quality of twin lakes of Bhopal. Indian Journal of Environment and Protection, 21, 998-1005
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Gupta, A.K., Mishra, K., Pramod Kumar, Singh, C.S. and Srivastava, S., 2011. Impact of religious activities on the water characteristics of prominent ponds at Varanasi (UP) India. Plant Archives, 11, 297-300
Jayalakshmi, Devi O. and Belagani S.L., 2005. Water quality assessment from different districts of southern Karnataka. Nature, Environment and pollution technology, 4, 589-596
Jhadav, S.B., Chavan, N.S. and Gokhale, M.V., 2009. Effect of ritual activity on the lentic water resources of Jotiba (Wadi-Ratnagiri), Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Ecology Environment and Conservation, 15, 71-75
Kalita, B.; Bhuyan K. C.; Kusre D. and Dutta A., 2006. Physicochemical quality of Beel water in Morigaon district, Assam. Journal of Ecobiology, 18, 17-21.
Kaur, R., 2012. Effect of idol immersion on marine and fresh water-bodies. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3, 1905-1909
Leland H.V., 1991. Transport and distribution of trace elements in a watershed ecosystem in environment. Ed W. R. Boggess and B.G.Wixsion. Castle House Publication, Van Nuyas, CA, 105-134
Malik, G.M., Raval, V.H., Zadafiya, S.K. and Patel, A.V., 2012. Idol immersion and Physico-Chemical properties of South Gujarat Rivers, India. Research Journal of Chemical Science, 2, 21-25
Malik, G.M., Raval, V.H., Zadafiya, S.K. and Patel, A.V., 2010. Idol immersion and physico-chemical properties of South Gujarat Rivers. Current World Environment, 5, 173-176
McCoy, W.F. and Olson B.H., 1986. Relationship among turbidity particle counts and bacteriological quantity with in water distribution lines. Water Research, 1023
Mehta, Prashant, 2013. Alteration in water quality parameters and consequential impacts due to festival waste in Jodhpur. International Journal of Science and Technology, 17, 1166-1176
Mukerjee A., 2003. Religious Activities and Management of Water Bodies - Case Study of Idol Immersion in Context of Urban lakes Management. International Water Histroy Association, 3, 325
Murugesan, S., Kumar D. S., Rajan S. and Chandrika D., 2004. Comparative study of ground water resources of east and west region of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Natural Environment and Pollution Technology, 3, 495-499.
Nag Sarbari and Pande Prabhas Kumar, 2015. Effect of idol immersion on water quality of Yamuna River in Delhi and its potential influence on ground water quality. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, 44, 1545-1553
Naphade Sudhir, Mujaffar Shaikh and Prafulla Patil (2016). Variation in Physico-Chemical Properties of Rajalwadi Water Reservoir near Sillod Town District Aurangabad (M.S.). Trends in Life Sciences, 5, 4-8
Reddy Vikram M. and Kumar Vijay A., 2001. Effects of Ganesh Idol Immersion on some water quality parameter of Hussainsagar, Current Science, 81, 1412
Shivhare Praveen and Rastogi Deepak, 2016. Environmental Impact Assessment Due To Festivals. International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, 3, 166-172
Shukla, S.S., 2004. Effect of public awareness campaign in mitigating impact of religious activities on Bhopal lakes, Abstract in image of water in religion, myths, literature, Switzerland, Global Biodiversity Forum, 3, 17
Swain, S.K., Mohapatra S. and Patel R.K., 2005. A measure of pollution load in temple ponds of Puri, Orissa on the basis of NSF-WQI suggestions. Pollution Research, 24, 599-603
Trivedy, P.K. and Goel, R.K., 1986. Chemical and Biological methods water pollution studies. Environmental publication, Karad, India.
Ujjania, N.C. and Azahar A Multani, 2011. Impact of Ganesh idol immersion activities on the water quality of Tapi River, Surat (Gujarat) India. Research Journal of Biology, 01, 11-15
Ujjania, N.C. and Mistry, Chaitali A., 2012. Environmental impact of idol immersion on Tapi river (India). International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2, 11-16
Variya, Rajesh, 2010. Impact of Ganesh Idol Immersion on Tapi River at Umara ovara. M.Sc. Dissertation, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat
Varsani, Alpa, 2010. Impact of Ganesh Idol Immersion on Tapi River at Ashwanikumar Ovara. M.Sc. Dissertation, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat
Vyas Anju and Bajapai A., 2008. Water quality survey and monitoring study of idol immersion in context of lower Lake, Bhopa, India. Edt. SenGupta, M and Dalwani, R., In: Proceedings of tall 2007: the 12th World Lake congress, 1818-1823
Vyas Anju, Bajapai A. and Varma Neelam, 2008. Water quality improvement after shifting of idol immersion site: A case study of Uppar Lake Bhopal, India. Environment Monitoring and Assess, 145: 437-443
Vyas Anju, Mishra D.D., Bajapai A., Dixit S. and Verma N., 2006. Environment Impact of Idol Immersion Activity Lakes of Bhopal, India. Asian Journal Experimental Science, 20, 289-296
Waikol V. and Patil C.L., 2009. Study of water quality and trace metal concentration of well -water in Dahanu region (Thane, India), Pollution Research, 28, 305-307
Watkar A.M. and Barbate M.P., 2017. Effect of idol immersion on water quality of Chandrabhaga River in Nagpur. International Journal of Researches in Biosciences, Agriculture and Technology,1, 19-21
APHA, 2005. Standard methods for examination of water and waste water, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Bajpai, A., Pani, S., Jain, R.K. and Mishra, S.M., 2002. Heavy metal contamination through idol immersion in a tropical lake. Ecology and Environment Conservation, 8, 157-159
Bhat Najeeb A., Wanganeo Rajni and Wanganeo Ashwani, 2012. Pollution Status of Bhoj Wetland before and after Immersion of Idols. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, 5, 153-156.
Bhatnagar Anita, Devi Pooja, and George M.P., 2016. Impact of Mass Bathing and Religious Activities on Water Quality Index of Prominent Water Bodies: A Multi-location Study in Haryana, India. International Journal of Ecology, Article ID 2915905.
Bhattacharya Sayan, Arpita Bera, Abhishek Dutta and Uday Chand Ghosh, 2014. Effects of idol immersion on the water quality parameters of Indian water bodies: Environmental health perspectives. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 20, 234-263.
Billore, D.K. and Dandawate Maneesha, 2015. Environmental impact of idol immersion on Kakerpura lake Mhow (MP). International Journal of Research-garnthaalayh, 3, 1-4.
Desai Jigna and Tank S.K., 2010. Deterioration of water quality due to immersion of Ganesh idols in the River Tapti at Surat (India). Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4,4.
Dhote Sangeeta and Dixit Savita, 2011. Hydro chemical changes in two eutrophic lakes of Central India after immersion of Durga and Ganesh idol. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1, 38-45
Dhote, S., Varghese B. and Mishra S. M., 2001. Impact of idol immersion on water quality of twin lakes of Bhopal. Indian Journal of Environment and Protection, 21, 998-1005
Dubey Monika and Ujjania, N.C., 2015. Assessment of water quality and sources of pollution in downstream of Ukai, Tapi River (Gujarat). Current World Environment, 10, 350-354
Gupta, A.K., Mishra, K., Pramod Kumar, Singh, C.S. and Srivastava, S., 2011. Impact of religious activities on the water characteristics of prominent ponds at Varanasi (UP) India. Plant Archives, 11, 297-300
Jayalakshmi, Devi O. and Belagani S.L., 2005. Water quality assessment from different districts of southern Karnataka. Nature, Environment and pollution technology, 4, 589-596
Jhadav, S.B., Chavan, N.S. and Gokhale, M.V., 2009. Effect of ritual activity on the lentic water resources of Jotiba (Wadi-Ratnagiri), Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. Ecology Environment and Conservation, 15, 71-75
Kalita, B.; Bhuyan K. C.; Kusre D. and Dutta A., 2006. Physicochemical quality of Beel water in Morigaon district, Assam. Journal of Ecobiology, 18, 17-21.
Kaur, R., 2012. Effect of idol immersion on marine and fresh water-bodies. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3, 1905-1909
Leland H.V., 1991. Transport and distribution of trace elements in a watershed ecosystem in environment. Ed W. R. Boggess and B.G.Wixsion. Castle House Publication, Van Nuyas, CA, 105-134
Malik, G.M., Raval, V.H., Zadafiya, S.K. and Patel, A.V., 2012. Idol immersion and Physico-Chemical properties of South Gujarat Rivers, India. Research Journal of Chemical Science, 2, 21-25
Malik, G.M., Raval, V.H., Zadafiya, S.K. and Patel, A.V., 2010. Idol immersion and physico-chemical properties of South Gujarat Rivers. Current World Environment, 5, 173-176
McCoy, W.F. and Olson B.H., 1986. Relationship among turbidity particle counts and bacteriological quantity with in water distribution lines. Water Research, 1023
Mehta, Prashant, 2013. Alteration in water quality parameters and consequential impacts due to festival waste in Jodhpur. International Journal of Science and Technology, 17, 1166-1176
Mukerjee A., 2003. Religious Activities and Management of Water Bodies - Case Study of Idol Immersion in Context of Urban lakes Management. International Water Histroy Association, 3, 325
Murugesan, S., Kumar D. S., Rajan S. and Chandrika D., 2004. Comparative study of ground water resources of east and west region of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Natural Environment and Pollution Technology, 3, 495-499.
Nag Sarbari and Pande Prabhas Kumar, 2015. Effect of idol immersion on water quality of Yamuna River in Delhi and its potential influence on ground water quality. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, 44, 1545-1553
Naphade Sudhir, Mujaffar Shaikh and Prafulla Patil (2016). Variation in Physico-Chemical Properties of Rajalwadi Water Reservoir near Sillod Town District Aurangabad (M.S.). Trends in Life Sciences, 5, 4-8
Reddy Vikram M. and Kumar Vijay A., 2001. Effects of Ganesh Idol Immersion on some water quality parameter of Hussainsagar, Current Science, 81, 1412
Shivhare Praveen and Rastogi Deepak, 2016. Environmental Impact Assessment Due To Festivals. International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, 3, 166-172
Shukla, S.S., 2004. Effect of public awareness campaign in mitigating impact of religious activities on Bhopal lakes, Abstract in image of water in religion, myths, literature, Switzerland, Global Biodiversity Forum, 3, 17
Swain, S.K., Mohapatra S. and Patel R.K., 2005. A measure of pollution load in temple ponds of Puri, Orissa on the basis of NSF-WQI suggestions. Pollution Research, 24, 599-603
Trivedy, P.K. and Goel, R.K., 1986. Chemical and Biological methods water pollution studies. Environmental publication, Karad, India.
Ujjania, N.C. and Azahar A Multani, 2011. Impact of Ganesh idol immersion activities on the water quality of Tapi River, Surat (Gujarat) India. Research Journal of Biology, 01, 11-15
Ujjania, N.C. and Mistry, Chaitali A., 2012. Environmental impact of idol immersion on Tapi river (India). International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2, 11-16
Variya, Rajesh, 2010. Impact of Ganesh Idol Immersion on Tapi River at Umara ovara. M.Sc. Dissertation, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat
Varsani, Alpa, 2010. Impact of Ganesh Idol Immersion on Tapi River at Ashwanikumar Ovara. M.Sc. Dissertation, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat
Vyas Anju and Bajapai A., 2008. Water quality survey and monitoring study of idol immersion in context of lower Lake, Bhopa, India. Edt. SenGupta, M and Dalwani, R., In: Proceedings of tall 2007: the 12th World Lake congress, 1818-1823
Vyas Anju, Bajapai A. and Varma Neelam, 2008. Water quality improvement after shifting of idol immersion site: A case study of Uppar Lake Bhopal, India. Environment Monitoring and Assess, 145: 437-443
Vyas Anju, Mishra D.D., Bajapai A., Dixit S. and Verma N., 2006. Environment Impact of Idol Immersion Activity Lakes of Bhopal, India. Asian Journal Experimental Science, 20, 289-296
Waikol V. and Patil C.L., 2009. Study of water quality and trace metal concentration of well -water in Dahanu region (Thane, India), Pollution Research, 28, 305-307
Watkar A.M. and Barbate M.P., 2017. Effect of idol immersion on water quality of Chandrabhaga River in Nagpur. International Journal of Researches in Biosciences, Agriculture and Technology,1, 19-21
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2018-12-01
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